早产儿脑病的研究进展

随着低出生体重儿存活率的提高，早产儿脑损伤成为热点问题，损伤部位不仅局限于脑白质，灰质区域也有受累，故提出了“早产儿脑病”的概念。早产儿脑病包括脑白质损伤和神经元轴突病变。在缺血缺氧、围生期感染等致病因素作用下，脑组织发生直接或间接的神经细胞死亡或者是成熟障碍，最终导致脑性瘫痪、认知、语言、行为等能力障碍。该文总结了早产儿脑病的病理、发病机制、治疗及预后等情况。

Progress in encephalopathy of prematurity

With the increased survival of the low birth weight,brain injury in the premature infants be-comes a problem of enormous importance. The introduction of the term “encephalopathy of prematurity” is the current recognition that preterm brain injury is a complex of white and gray matter damage. The combination of white matter injury and neuronal/axonal deficits constitutes encephalopathy of prematurity. The preterm infants develop primary destructive brain lesions,secondary degeneration and disturbance of maturation from hypoxia-is-chemia and inflammation,which leads to cerebral palsy,cognitive,behavioral,or language deficits. This article reviews the neuropathology,pathogenesis,therapy and neurodevelopmental disability of encephalopathy of pre-maturity.