小学生与初中生自我意识的发展特征

目的：了解小学生与初中生儿童自我意识的发展特征及影响因素。方法由甘肃省妇幼保健院组织市县级妇幼单位，于2011年1月至2012年1月，分层随机整群抽取甘肃省6市县5435名在校中、小学生，采用儿童自我意识量表（ PHCSS）和自编一般情况调查表进行调查分析。结果小学生自我意识发展的总体水平显著高于初中生（t＝8．089，P＜0．01），主要表现在智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足的因子上（t＝3．452～7．236，均P＜0．01）；小学与初中阶段，女生的自我意识总体发展水平均高于男生（t值分别为－5．349、－2．502，均P＜0．05）；母亲文化程度、父亲文化程度分别是小学阶段与初中阶段儿童自我意识发展的家庭影响因素，学习成绩、师生关系、同学关系是小学与初中儿童自我意识发展的共同影响因素。结论小学与初中阶段儿童自我意识发展水平随着年级的增高而下降，学校环境与父母文化程度是其重要的影响因素。

Developmental characteristics of self-concept in primary and secondary school students

Objective To know about the developmental characteristics and influencing factors of self -concept in primary and secondary school students .Methods Totally 5 435 primary and secondary school students were selected from 6 cities and counties of Gansu Province with random cluster sampling method through city /county maternal and child units organized by Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child -care Hospital during the period of January 2011 to January 2012.Piers-harris children self-concept scale ( PHCSS) and self-made general questionaires were used for survey .Results The whole level of self-concept of primary school students was significantly higher than that of secondary school students (t=8.089, P<0.01), mainly in the factors of intelligence and school , physical appearance and attributes , anxiety, gregariousness, happiness and satisfaction (t value ranged 3.452-7.236, all P<0.01).In the primary and secondary stages , the whole level of self-concept of girls was higher than boys (t value was -5.349 and -2.502, respectively, both P<0.05).Mother’s cultural degree and father ’ s cultural degree were the family influencing factor of self-concept in primary school stage and secondary school stage, respectively.School record, teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship were common factors of self -concept in primary and secondary school students .Conclusion The developmental level of self-concept in primary and secondary school stage decreases with the increase of grade , and it is especially influenced by school environment and parents ’ culture degree .