广州市萝岗区2011至2015年低出生体重儿危险因素分析

目的：探讨低出生体重儿发生的危险因素，为控制和降低低出生体重儿发生率提供参考依据。方法广州市萝岗区6家产科医院2011至2015年分娩的所有体重＜2500g的活产儿共1247例为病例组，随机抽取体重≥2500g新生儿2500例作为对照组。对两组间共25项因素进行回顾性调查和危险因素分析。结果单因素分析结果显示母亲身高＜150cm、孕前BMI＜18．5、产检＜5次、被动吸烟、孕期增重＜11．4kg、妊娠期高血压疾病、孕期感染、胎膜早破、早产、双（多）胎和前置胎盘11项因素在低出生体重的发生上差别有统计学意义（χ2值分别是51．048、98．717、9．041、42．930、12．057、54．664、55．672、21．827、1882．257、345．456、7．037，均P＜0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示早产、双（多）胎、产检＜5次、被动吸烟、孕期增重＜11．4kg和前置胎盘是低出生体重儿发生的危险因素（OR值分别是42．966、5．389、1．431、1．775、2．293、1．393，均P＜0．05）。结论低出生体重的发生受多因素影响，早产、双（多）胎、产检＜5次、被动吸烟、孕期增重＜11．4kg和前置胎盘等因素可显著增加其危险性，应重视孕期的健康宣教和保健，加强高危妊娠的管理，以控制和降低低出生体重儿发生率。

Analysis of the risk factors for low birth weight infants at Guangzhou Luogang district from 2011 to 2015

Objective To explore the risk factors for low birth weight infants ( LBWI ) , so as to provide reference for the control and reduction of the incidence of low birth weight .Methods A total of 1 247 cases of live neonates whose birth weight were lower than 2 500g were chosen in case group .All these babies were delivered at 6 maternity hospitals at Guangzhou Luogang district from 2011 to 2015. Meanwhile, another 2 500 neonates whose birth weight were above or equal to 2 500g were randomly selected in control group .A retrospective survey and corresponding risk factor analysis on 25 factors between two groups were conducted .Results Univariate analysis showed that 11 factors could make a statistically significant difference to the incidence of low birth weight in infants (χ2 value was 51.048, 98.717, 9.041, 42.930, 12.057, 54.664, 55.672, 21.827, 1 882.257, 345.456 and 7.037, respectively, all P<0.05).They were mother’s height<150cm, pre-pregnancy BMI<18.5, frequency of antenatal care <5 times, passive smoking, gestational weight gain <11.4kg, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy , infection during pregnancy , premature rupture of membranes , preterm birth, gemellary ( multiple ) pregnancy and placenta previa .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that preterm birth , gemellary (multiple) pregnancy, frequency of antenatal care <5 times, passive smoking, gestational weight gain <11.4kg and placenta previa were risk factors for the occurrence of low birth weight ( OR value was 42.966, 5.389, 1.431, 1.775, 2.293 and 1.393, respectively, all P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of low birth weight can be affected by multiple factors .Factors like preterm birth, gemellary (multiple) pregnancy, frequency of antenatal care <5 times, passive smoking, gestational weight gain <11.4kg and placenta previa can significantly increase the risk of low birth weight in infants .Great attention should be paid to the health education and health care during pregnancy . Besides , the management of high-risk pregnancy should be strengthened , so as to control and reduce the incidence of low birth weight .