Prenatal,perinatal and neonatal risk factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A comprehensive epidemiological assessment from India |
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Authors: | Madhu Poornima Mamidala Anupama Polinedi Praveen Kumar P.T.V. N. Rajesh OmSai Ramesh Vallamkonda Vrajesh Udani Nidhi Singhal Vidya Rajesh |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biological Sciences, BITS, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shamirpet (M), Hyderabad 500078, Andhra Pradesh, India;2. Department of Mathematics, BITS, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shamirpet (M), Hyderabad 500078, Andhra Pradesh, India;3. Department of Chemistry, BITS, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shamirpet (M), Hyderabad 500078, Andhra Pradesh, India;4. Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped (NIMH), Manovikasnagar, Secunderabad 500 009, Andhra Pradesh, India;5. Child Neurology & Epilepsy, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai 400 016, Maharashtra, India;6. Action For Autism (AFA), The National Centre for Autism, Pocket 7 & 8 Jasola Vihar, New Delhi 110 025, India |
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Abstract: | Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasing across the globe and no data is available from India regarding the risk factors of ASD. In this regard a questionnaire based epidemiological assessment was carried out on prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors of ASD across 8 cities in India. A retrospective cohort of 942 children was enrolled for the study. 471 children with ASD, under age of 10, were analyzed for pre-, peri-, and neonatal factors and were compared with the observations from equal number of controls. The quality control of the questionnaire and data collection was done thoroughly and the observations were computed statistically. A total of 25 factors were evaluated by unadjusted and adjusted analysis in this study. Among the prenatal factors considered, advanced maternal age, fetal distress and gestational respiratory infections were found to be associated with ASD and had an odds ratio of 1.8. Evaluation of perinatal and neonatal risk factors showed labor complications, pre-term birth, neonatal jaundice, delayed birth cry and birth asphyxia to be associated with ASD with an odds ratio greater than 1.5. This important study, first of its kind in Indian population gives a firsthand account of the relation of pre-, peri- and neonatal risk factors on ASD from an ethnically and socially diverse country like India, the impact of which was unknown earlier. This advocates additional focused investigations on physiological and genetic changes contributed by these risk factor inducing environments. |
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Keywords: | Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk factors Prenatal Perinatal Neonatal India |
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