鼻腔喷雾减充血剂加运动在招收飞行学员鼻科体检中的应用

目的探讨鼻腔喷雾减充血剂加运动在招收飞行学员鼻科体检中应用的可能性。方法参加某战区2012年空军招飞体检复检阶段的受检者354人，分为3组。1）单纯减充血剂组（124例）：鼻腔喷雾1％麻黄素溶液7喷，5min后接受第1次鼻科检查，对不能做出诊断和体检结论者，再等5min接受第2次鼻科检查，直到做出诊断和体检结论；21单纯运动组（94例）：受检者在30s内连续下蹲30次，2min后接受鼻科检查；3）减充血剂加运动组（136例）：鼻腔喷雾1％麻黄素溶液5喷后下蹲30次，2min后接受鼻科检查；不能做出诊断和体检结论者再下蹲30次后接受第2次鼻科检查，直到做出诊断和体检结论。记录每例做出诊断和体检结论所需的检查次数，统计各组1次、2次、3次及3次以上的检查例数。结果减充血剂加运动组1次检查可做出诊断和体检结论的比率为75％，明显高于单纯减充血剂组和单纯运动组（分别为63．71％和34．04％）；需3次及3次以上检查的比率为6．61％，明显低于单纯减充血剂组和单纯运动组（分别为20．97％及37．23％），差异具有统计学意义。结论鼻腔喷雾减充血剂加运动可作为招收飞行学员鼻科检查的常规鼻腔黏膜收缩方法。

Application of nasal decongestant spraying plus physical exercise in rhinologic examination for recruitment of pilots

Objective To study the feasibility of nasal decongestant spraying plus physical exercise in rhinologic examination for recruitment of pilots. Methods Three hundred and fifty-four candidates who underwent reexamination for recruitment of pilots in 2012 were divided into simple nasal decongestant spraying group（n=124）, simple physical exercise group（n=94）, and nasal decongestant spraying plus physical exercise group（n=136）. Candidates in simple nasal decongestant spraying group were sprayed with 1% ephedrine solution for 7 times and accepted first rhinologic examination after 5rain and those received a second rhinologic examination after additional 5min if the diagnosis and conclusion were not made. The spraying of 1% ephedrine solution continued until the diagnosis and conclusion were made. Those in simple physical exercise group squatted 30 times within 30 seconds and accepted rhinologic examination after 2rain, and those in nasal decongestant spraying plus physical exercise group squatted 30 times within 30 seconds after 1% ephedrine solution was sprayed for 5 times and received rhinologic examination after 2min and those squatted an additional 30 times within 30 seconds and received a second rhinologic examination if the diagnosis and conclusion were not made. Times for establishing the diagnosis and conclusion, and the number of candidates who received 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and more of examination were recorded. Results The diagnosis and conclusion rate was significantly higher in nasal decongestant spraying plus physical exercise group than in decongestant spraying group and simple physical exercise group after 1 time of examination（75% vs 63.71% and 34.04%, P〈0.05）. The diagnosis and conclusion rate was significantly lower in nasal decongestant spraying plus physical exercise group than in decongestant spraying group and simple physical exercise group after 3 or more times of examination（6.61% vs 20.97% and 37.23%, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Nasal decongestant spraying plus physical exercise can be used as a routine nasal mucosa contracting method in rhinologic examination for recruitment of pilots.