飞行学员应征者鼻中隔偏曲矫正术245例分析

目的总结飞行学员应征者鼻中隔偏曲矫正术提高鼻科招飞体检合格率的可能性。方法对参加2005—2011年某战区空军招收飞行学员全面体检，除鼻中隔偏曲外，其他各项检查合格者中自愿接受手术的245名应征者，实施鼻中隔偏曲矫正术，术后1个月复检疗效，并做出全面体检结论，全部录取工作结束后随访。结果1）245例中226例达到合格标准（合格率92．24％）；19例不合格原因包括术后鼻腔通气不良8例、高位偏曲矫正不良5例、鼻中隔穿孔4例、鼻腔中重度粘连2例。2）单纯中低位偏曲、单纯嵴及棘应征者术后不合格率为4．57％（8／175），明显低于鼻中隔高位偏曲者18．75％（6／32），χ2为6．52（P〈0．05）；未合并鼻甲肥大者术后不合格率为5．32％（10／188），明显低于合并鼻甲肥大者15．79％（9／57），χ2为5．32（P〈0．05）；在推荐医院实施手术的不合格率为4．65％（8／172），明显低于在应征者自选医院实施手术者15．07％（11／73），χ2为7．77（P〈0．01）。3）随访显示最终录取165名，占手术者的67．35％（165／245），未录取的61例均为非鼻科原因。结论对招收飞行学员中仅鼻中隔偏曲的应征者，采取自愿接受手术、推荐医疗机构和航空鼻科专家实施鼻内镜下微创鼻中隔偏曲矫正术，可提高招飞合格率。

Septoplasty for recruited pilots:An analysis of 245 cases

Objective To analyze the feasibility of septoplasty for increasing the recruiting rate of pilots. Methods Two hundred and forty-five recruited candidates, who passed all physical examinations but deviation of nasal septum in 2005-2011, underwent septoplasty. The therapeutic effect of septoplasty on deviation of nasal septum was assessed and an overall physical examination conclusion was made 1 month after operation. The candidates for recruitment of pilots were followed up after overall physical examinations were over. Results Of the 245 pilot candidates, 226（92.24%） reached the criteria for recruitment and 19 were not recruited including 8 due to poor nasal ventilation, 5 due to high deviation of nasal septum, 4 due to perforation of nasal septum, and 2 due to moderate to severe adhesion. The non-recruited rate was significantly lower in those with simple low deviation, spur or ridge of nasal septum, or without hypertrophy than in those with high deviation of nasal septum or turbinate（4.57% vs 18.75%, χ 2=6.52, P〈0.05; 5.32% vs 15.79%, P〈0.05） and in those who underwent operation in recommended hospitals than in those who underwent operation in hospitals selected by themselves（4.65% vs 15.07%, χ2=7.77, P〈0.01）. One hundred and sixty-five（67.35%） candidates were recruited after operation and 61 were not recruited due to non nasal diseases. Conclusion Nasal endoscopy minimally invasive septoplasty performed for deviation of nasal septum can increase the recruitment rate of pilots.