骨髓基质干细胞分化为神经细胞的研究进展

骨髓基质干细胞具有广泛的分化能力,近年来发现其可以分化为神经元样细胞,且经不同因素诱导,可以分化为特殊的神经元表型,如多巴胺能神经元、5-HT敏感神经元等。其分化机制尚未明确,可能是通过独立的调节机制控制,且受神经特异性基因的表达数量调控,其中Sox、Pax、Notch等基因在其分化中起重要作用。尤其是RB/PBO基因更为重要,而RB基因则触发胆碱能神经分化。外源性因素如cAMP浓度等也有一定的影响。骨髓基质干细胞对神经退行性疾病的治疗作用已经得到证实,因其具有取材容易,分离、培养、扩增方法成熟,且不存在伦理学和免疫排斥问题,临床应用前景广阔。

Differentiation of marrow stromal cells into neurons: current progress

Bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs) have been shown to be extremely versatile.Recently,it is demonstrated that MSCs differentiate into neurons.Moreover,under the appropriate conditions,MSCs differentiate into special phynotype of neurons,such as 5-hydroxytryptamine-sensitive neurons,and dopaminergic neurons.The mechanism remains to be elucidated,and an overexpression of neuronal specific genes(such as Sox,Pax,Notch gene) may play an important role,especially RB/PBO gene.However,RB triggers cholinergic differentiation.Extrinsic factor such as concentration of cAMP plays certain role in differentiation.MSCs have also been shown to have certain therapeutic effect on neuronal degeneration disease.These cells have great potential because it is easy to isolate,culture,amplify,and no ethics neither immunologic rejection problem was concerned.