北京市昌平区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃暴露及人群健康风险评价

目的了解北京市昌平区大气颗粒物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平,分析PAHs的污染来源,并进行人群健康风险评估。方法于2015年1—12月用大气采样器采集北京市昌平区大气样品,分别用称重法和高效液相色谱法检测大气PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)质量浓度和16种PAHs浓度;利用比值法分析PAHs的污染来源,并对其人群健康风险进行评估。结果 2015年北京市昌平区大气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的质量浓度范围分别为7.8~343.0μg/m~3和6.3~344.3μg/m~3,年均浓度分别为97.0、78.6μg/m~3;PAHs浓度范围为2.4~383.0 ng/m~3,年均浓度为87.8 ng/m~3。4环PAHs浓度与5、6环PAHs浓度比值范围为0.15~1.38。PAHs的等效毒性浓度以夏季最低(0.354 ng/m~3),冬季最高(29.816 ng/m3)。PAHs对成人及儿童的终身致癌超额风险分别为9.68×10~(-6)和6.14×10~(-6)。结论北京市昌平区大气颗粒物浓度高于GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准,PAHs污染主要来自本地污染;PAHs对成人的终身致癌风险高于儿童,但两者均处于可接受水平。

Health risk assessment of inhabitants exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulate matter in air in Changping district of Beijing

Objective To know the pollution levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Changping district of Beijing and to analyze the contaminant source of PAHs,assess the health risk of inhabitants exposed to PAHs.Methods Particulate matter volume samplers were used to collect the atmospheric samples in Changping district of Beijing from Janurary to December in 2015.The concentrations of PM10,PM2.5 and PAHs were determined by weighting method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively.The pollution source of PAHs was identified by ratio method,and health risk of inhabitants exposed to PAHs was assessed.Results The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 7.8-343.0 μg/m3 and 6.3-344.3 μg/m3,annual average concentrations were 97.0 μg/m3 and 78.6 μg/m3.The total PAHs level was 2.4-383,0 ng/m3,annual average value of total PAHs was 87.8 ng/m3.The ratio of foue-ring PAHs and 5,6-ring PAHs was 0.15-1.38.The range of toxic equivalency quantity was 0.354-29.816 ng,/m3.Carcinogenic risk for adult and child were 9.68×10-6-6and 6.14×10-6.Conclusion The levels of PM1o and PM2.5 concentration in Chang ping of Beijing excess the national ambient air quality standards.The sources of PAHs are local emissions.Carcinogenic risk for adults is higher than that for children,though they are at acceptable level.