老年人生活事件、应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的关系

目的 探讨老年人生活事件、应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的关系.方法 在抚顺市2个街道随机抽取60岁及以上老年人280人(收回有效问卷176份),采用症状自评量表、生活事件量表、老年人应对问卷及社会支持量表为测评工具.结果 ①躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分显著高于常模(P＜0.01);人际、敌对因子分显著低于常模(P＜0.01);②生活事件总刺激量、负性生活事件刺激量与抑郁、焦虑、恐怖有显著正相关(P＜0.01);③消极应对方式与躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁有显著正相关(P＜0.01-0.05);积极应对与躯体化、强迫症状有显著负相关(P＜0.01～0.05);④支持利用度与抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖显著负相关(P＜0.01);主观支持与焦虑、敌对、恐怖显著负相关(P＜0.01～0.05);客观支持与焦虑显著负相关(P＜0.01).多元回归分析:消极应对方式、负性生活事件、社会支持利用度进入回归方程.结论 消极应对方式、负性生活事件、社会支持利用度是影响老年人心理健康的重要因素,其中消极应对方式是首要影响因素.

The Relationship among Old-aged People's Life Affairs, Coping Style, Social Support and Their Mental Health

Objective To explore the relationship among old-aged people's life affairs, responses, social support and their mental health. Methods 280 people above 60-year-old were randomly selected from two communities. (176 usable questionnaires were collected). Symptoms Self-evaluation Form, Life Affairs Amount Form, Old-aged People's Responses Questionnaires and Social Support Standard Form were used as the evaluation tool. Results (1)Somatic disorder, symptoms of obsession, depression, anxiety, higher scary values than the Norma (P<0.01); interpersonal and hostile values notably lower than the Norma (P<0.01). (2)Total stimuli of life affairs and stimuli of negative affairs have positive relations with depression, anxiety, scary (P<0.01). (3)Inactive responses have notably positive relations with somatic disorder, symptoms of repeating an action and depression (P<0.01~0.05); active responses have notably negative relations with those diseases (P<0.01~0.05). (4)The supporting degree has notably negative relations with the diseases (P<0.01); subjective support has notably negative relations with the diseases (P<0.01~0.05); objective support has notably negative relations with anxiety (P<0.01). Pluralistic regression analysis: inactive responses, negative life affairs, the degree of social supports and uses come into the regression formula. Conclusion Inactive response, which is the most important factor, and negative life affairs, the degree of social supports and uses are the main factors that have deep effects on the old-aged people's mental health.