抗感染药物不良反应3704例分析

目的了解某三甲医院抗感染药物不良反应(ADR)的发生规律和特点,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法将2005-2011年上报的3 704例抗感染药物ADR分别从患者性别、年龄、ADR分类、药品的药理分类、ADR涉及的系统或器官及临床表现、药品剂型等方面进行统计、分析。结果 3 704例ADR报告中,以<11岁年龄段患者最多,占26.92%;男女比例相近,其中21岁以下和70岁以上年龄段发生ADR的男性更多于女性。发生ADR抗感染药物中以β内酰胺类出现频次最多(55.02%),且有增多趋势;其次为氟喹诺酮类(25.00%)。注射剂型引起的ADR最常见,占85.29%。临床表现以消化系统表现最为常见,占35.05%。结论临床用药应注意抗感染药物的合理使用,恰当地选择剂型和给药途径,注重未成年人和70岁以上老年人(尤其是男性)抗感染药物ADR的监测。

Analysis of 3704 cases of anti-infective agents-related adverse drug reaction reports

Objective To investigate and analyze the characteristics of anti-infective agents-related adverse drug reaction（ADR） in our hospital from 2005 to 2011. Methods 3704 anti-infective agents-related ADR cases reported in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively regarding patients＇ sex and age, classification of ADR, pharmacological classification, the form of a drug, systems and organs involved in ADR and its clinical manifestations. Results Among the 3704 cases of anti-infective agents-related ADR, the proportion of male and female was similar;children below 11 years old accounted for 26.92%, at the age of 〈 21 or 〉 70 the occurence of anti-infective agents-related ADR in males was higher than that in females. βlactam drugs （32.05%） occupied the highest proportion in anti-infective agents-related ADR, which was on the rise in rencent years, followed by quinolone drugs （25.00%）. Injection types of drug were the main forms of drugs which led to anti-infective agents-related ADR（85.29% ）. The major systems agents were alimentary system（35.05% ）. Conclusion It is important to emphasize the rational use of anti-infective drugs, decreasing the intravenous route and focusing on the characteristics of the juveniles or old people above 70 years old especially in males in order to decrease or avoid the occurrence of anti-infective agents-related ADR.