某钢铁企业职业伤害特点研究

目的了解钢铁企业职业伤害特点。方法收集四川某钢铁企业2001—01—01／2005—12—31职工伤亡事故登记资料进行回顾性调查分析。结果该企业5年期间共发生198起工伤事故，伤亡人数223人，男性201人（90．1％）、女性22人（9．9％）；职业伤害主要年龄段在30～39岁（109人，占48．9％）和40～49岁（62人，占27．8％），男女职业伤害年龄构成差别无统计学意义（X^2=6．652，P〉0．05）；伤害部位四肢多见（94例，56．3％）；伤害类别主要为灼伤（50例，占22．4％）、机械伤（45例，占20．2％）、物体打击伤（34例，占15．2％）和起重伤（25例，占11．2％）；轧钢厂职业伤害主要工种是挂吊工（21人，20．1‰），维修工（20人，16．3‰）和轧钢工（12人，11．8‰）；炼铁厂主要是炉前工（23人，22．33‰），其次为维修工（14人，7．82‰）；炼钢厂主要为浇钢工（10人，8．73‰）、其次为炉前工（10人，6．89‰）和维修工（11，6．4‰）。结论钢铁企业不同工种职业伤害发生率不同，职业伤害发生有工种、类别、程度和部位等差别，职业伤害防治工作应根据企业职业伤害特点开展。

Characteristics of Occupational Injury in an Iron - Steel Enterprise

Objective To study the characteristics of occupational injuries in iron - steel enterprise. Methods Retrospective epidemiological analysis was carried out by on the data of occupational injury and death in an iron - steel enterprise in Siehuan from January 2001 to December 2005. Results A total of 198 occupational accidents occurred during this period with 223 workers injured, including 201 males and 22 females. Most injured workers aged from 30 years to 49 years, and there was no difference on age distribution of injury between male and female （X^2 = 6. 652, P 〉 0. 05 ）. The major types of injuries were heat injury （ 22. 4% ）, mechanical injury （20. 2% ）, blunt striking injure （15.2%） and failing down （11.2%）. Conclusion Occupational injury in iron-steel enterprise has its own characteristics. The prevention and control of occupational injury should be conducted for different working place.