Long Term Effect of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cerebral Blood Flow |
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| Authors: | Mark A. Espeland PhD Jose A. Luchsinger MD MPH Rebecca H. Neiberg MS Owen Carmichael PhD Paul J. Laurienti PhD Xavier Pi‐Sunyer MD Rena R. Wing PhD Delilah Cook CCRP Edward Horton MD Ramon Casanova PhD Kirk Erickson PhD R. Nick Bryan MD the Action for Health in Diabetes Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Group |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina;2. Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;3. Brain and Metabolism Imaging in Chronic Disease Laboratory and Institute for Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana;4. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina;5. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital and Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;6. Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts;7. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;8. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
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| Abstract: | Objectives To determine whether long‐term behavioral intervention targeting weight loss through increased physical activity and reduced caloric intake would alter cerebral blood flow (CBF ) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design Postrandomization assessment of CBF. Setting Action for Health in Diabetes multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were overweight or obese and aged 45 to 76 (N = 310). Interventions A multidomain intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI ) to induce weight loss and increase physical activity for 8 to 11 years or diabetes support and education (DSE ), a control condition. Measurements Participants underwent cognitive assessment and standardized brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) (3.0 Tesla) to assess CBF an average of 10.4 years after randomization. Results Weight changes from baseline to time of MRI averaged ?6.2% for ILI and ?2.8% for DSE (P < .001), and increases in self‐reported moderate or intense physical activity averaged 444.3 kcal/wk for ILI and 114.8 kcal/wk for DSE (P = .03). Overall mean CBF was 6% greater for ILI than DSE (P = .04), with the largest mean differences between ILI and DSE in the limbic region (3.39 mL /100 g per minute, 95% confidence interval (CI ) = 0.07–6.70 mL /100 g per minute) and occipital lobes (3.52 mL /100 g per minute, 95% CI = 0.20–6.84 mL /100 g per minute). In ILI , greater CBF was associated with greater decreases in weight and greater increases in physical activity. The relationship between CBF and scores on a composite measure of cognitive function varied between intervention groups (P = .02). Conclusions Long‐term weight loss intervention in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with greater CBF . |
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| Keywords: | type 2 diabetes mellitus intensive lifestyle intervention obesity cerebral blood flow |
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