Farrerol regulates antimicrobial peptide expression and reduces Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dept. of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, J&K 190011, India;2. Dept. of Gastroenterology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Kashmir, J&K 190011, India;3. Dept. of General Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Kashmir, J&K 190011, India;1. Nucleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, PA, Brazil;2. Centro de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade do Estado do Para, Belem, PA, Brazil;3. Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil;2. Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil;3. Department of Electron Microscopy, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, SP 01246-902, Brazil;1. Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;2. Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;3. Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Mastitis, defined as inflammation of the mammary gland, is an infectious disease with a major economic influence on dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is a common gram-positive pathogen that frequently causes subclinical, chronic infection of the mammary gland in dairy cows. Farrerol, a traditional Chinese medicine isolated from rhododendron, has been shown to have anti-bacterial activity. However, the effect of farrerol on S. aureus infection in mammary epithelium has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of farrerol on the invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) by S. aureus. The expression of antimicrobial peptide genes by bMEC were assessed in the presence or absence of S. aureus infection. Our results demonstrated that farrerol (4–16 μg/ml) reduced > 55% the internalization of S. aureus into bMEC. We also found that farrerol was able to down-regulate the mRNA expression of tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and bovine neutrophil β-defensin 5 (BNBD5) in bMEC infected with S. aureus. The Nitric oxide (NO) production of bMEC after S. aureus stimulation was decreased by farrerol treatment. Furthermore, farrerol treatment suppressed S. aureus-induced NF-κB activation in bMEC. These results demonstrated that farrerol modulated TAP and BNBD5 gene expression in mammary gland, enhances bMEC defense against S. aureus infection and could be useful in protection against bovine mastitis. |
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| Keywords: | Farrerol Antimicrobial peptides Bovine mammary epithelial cell Bovine mastitis |
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