中药药性理论复杂性特征分析

中药药性是在中医理论指导下总结的反映药物及其作用性质的概念。中药药性理论是研究中药药性的形成机制及运用规律的理论,包括四气、五味、归经、升降沉浮、有毒无毒等。从发生学上看,中药药性理论与药物本体及药物作用密切相关,并且深受阴阳五行、取象比类等哲学思想影响,具有复杂性特征。主要表现在第一,药性的形成具有多源性特征,其早期的确定途径不唯一,其对应的功效作用不唯一;第二,药性的表达具有多样性特征,其表征指标多样,其实际表达的影响因素多样。中药药性理论的现代研究应关注这些复杂性特征,注意药性与功效的辩证统一,在尊重个性的基础上寻找共性。

Analysis on complex characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine property theory

The traditional Chinese medicine property theory refers to a concept for medicines and their effects under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theories. The traditional Chinese medicine property theory studies the formation mechanism and the application regularity of traditional Chinese medicine properties, including four Qi, five flavors, meridian entry, direction of medicinal actions (upward, downward, outward and inward) and toxicity. Embryologically, the traditional Chinese medicine property theory is closely related to medicines and their effects and heavily influenced by philosophical thoughts such as yin-yang and five elements and comparative state, thereby showing complex characteristics. This mainly reflects in that: first, medical properties are formed from multiple sources, with non-unique determination approach in early stage and non-unique corresponding effects and actions; second, medical properties are expressed in multiple characteristics, with diverse representation indicators and factors influencing actual expressions. The modern studies on the traditional Chinese medicine property theory shall focus on these complex characteristics, give attention to the dialectical unity of medical properties and effects and look for individuality as well as generality.