454例医院获得性肺炎流行特征分析

目的调查医院获得性肺炎发生的人群、空间、时间分布特征及病原学特点,探讨预防感染的有效措施.方法共收集454例获得性肺炎住院患者,所获得的资料采用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行分析.结果医院获得性肺炎感染发病率为0.74%(454例/61 404例),占医院感染病例31.33%,男性占70.04%,大于70岁年龄组显著高于其他年龄组(P＜0.01),科室以ICU、脑外科和肿瘤科居前;感染发生时间主要分布在入院后14 d以内,其中7 d以内占31.72%,7～14 d发生者占35.9%;感染病原菌以假丝酵母菌居第一,占29.67%,其次为铜绿假单胞菌,占18.96%,革兰阳性菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,占5.20%.结论医院感染病例中,医院获得性肺炎仍然占有重要地位,以男性和高龄为主,多在住院14 d内发生,假丝酵母菌感染最常见.

Epidemic characteristic analysis of 454 cases of nosocomial pneumonia

Objective To explore the risk group,distribution and pathogen of nosocomial pneumonia.Methods All the in-patients from May 2004 to May 2005 admitted to Southwest hospital were involved for the investigation of nosocomial pneumonia.Results Among 61 404 cases investigated,454 cases were diagnosed as nosocomial pneumonia(0.74%),accounting for 31.33% of all nosocomial infection cases.According to prevalent characteristics,male and elderly patients had a higher incidence rate of nosocomial pneumonia,mainly occurred in ICU,department of thoracic surgery and department of oncology.The occurrence time within 7 days accounted for 31.72% and within 7 to 14 days for 35.09% after admission.Among the isolated pathogens,Candida was the top one(26.97%),then P.aeruginosa(18.96%),followed by S.aureus(5.20%).Conclusion Nosocomial pneumonia,which mainly occurred in the male and the elderly patients in 2 weeks after hospitalization,is still an important nosocomial disorder,and Candida is the most common pathogen.