差错认知在护士感知的护士长变革型领导风格与护士创新行为的中介效应

目的 探讨差错认知在护士所感知的护士长变革型领导风格和护士创新行为之间是否存在中介作用。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取无锡市2所三级甲等医院的324名护士,采用一般资料问卷、变革型领导问卷、差错认知量表和护士创新行为量表对其进行调查。采用结构方程模型检验差错认知在变革型领导风格和创新行为间的中介作用。结果 324名护士所感知的护士长的变革型领导风格、护士差错认知和护士创新行为分别得分（103.35±12.27）分、（50.83±7.21）分、（25.46±6.75）分。Pearson相关分析显示护士所感知的护士长变革型领导风格、护士差错认知与创新行为之间均呈密切正相关（r=0.658,0.712,均P<0.01）;中介效应分析显示,护士所感知的护士长变革型领导风格对护士创新行为具有直接效应（β=0.34,P<0.05）,护士所感知的护士长变革型领导风格通过护士差错认知对其创新行为具有间接效应（β=0.13,P<0.05）,间接效应占总效应的27.6%。结论 本组护士所感知的护士长变革型领导风格得分处于中等偏高水平,护士差错认知和创新行为得分均处于中等偏低水平;护士差错认知在其变革型领导风格和护士创新行为之间有部分中介作用。建议护士主动汇报差错,并就差错事件进行讨论和交流,不断改进工作;同时积极发挥聪明才智,开展护理创新。

Mediating Effect of Cognitive Errors on Perceived Transformational Leadership of Head Nurses and Innovative Behavior of Nurses

Objective To explore whether there is mediating effect of cognitive errors on perceived transformational leadership of head nurses and innovative behavior of nurses. Methods With convenient sampling, 324 nurses in two tertiary grade A hospitals in Wuxi were selected and surveyed by general information questionnaire, Transformational Leadership Questionnaire, Cognitive Error Scale and Nurse Innovative Behavior Scale. The mediating effect of cognitive errors on transformational leadership of head nurses and innovative bahavior of nurses was tested by structural equation model. Results The score of perceived transformational leadership of head nurses, cognitive error and innovative behavior of nurses was 103.35±12.27, 50.83±7.21 and 25.46±6.75 respectively. Pearson correlation analysis indicated there was closely positive association among perceived transformational leadership of head nurses, cognitive error and innovative bahavior of of nurses (r=0.658, 0.712, all P<0.01). Mediating effect analysis showed that perceived transformational leadership of head nurses exerted direct effect on innovative behavior of nurses (β=0.34, P<0.05), while indirect effect on innovative behavior through cognitive error（β=0.13, P<0.05）, which accounted for 27.6% of the total effect. Conclusion The score of perceived transformational leadship of head nurses is in a medium or above level while that of innovative behavior and cognitive error in a medium or below level. Cognitive error has a partially mediating effect on transformational leadership and innovative behavior. It is recommended that nurses report errors actively and have a discussion on the errors so as to enhance nursing innovative behavior.