Impact Performance of Modern Football Helmets |
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Authors: | David C Viano Chris Withnall David Halstead |
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Institution: | (1) ProBiomechanics LLC, 265 Warrington Rd., Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304, USA;(2) Biokinetics and Associates Ltd., 2470 Don Reid Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 1E1, Canada;(3) University of Tennessee, College of Engineering, Sports Biomechanics Impact Research Lab, 416 East Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;(4) Southern Impact Research Center, LLC, 304 Dunavant Drive, Rockford, TN 37853, USA |
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Abstract: | Linear impact tests were conducted on 17 modern football helmets. The helmets were placed on the Hybrid III head with the
neck attached to a sliding table. The head was instrumented with an array of 3-2-2-2 accelerometers to determine translational
acceleration, rotational acceleration, and HIC. Twenty-three (23) different impacts were conducted on four identical helmets
of each model at eight sites on the shell and facemask, four speeds (5.5, 7.4, 9.3, and 11.2 m/s) and two temperatures (22.2
and 37.8 °C). There were 1,850 tests in total; 276 established the 1990s helmet performance (baseline) and 1,564 were on the
17 different helmet models. Differences from the 1990s baseline were evaluated using the Student t test (p < 0.05 as significant). Four of the helmets had significantly lower HICs and head accelerations than the 1990s baseline with
average reductions of 14.6–21.9% in HIC, 7.3–14.0% in translational acceleration, and 8.4–15.9% in rotational acceleration.
Four other helmets showed some improvements. Eight were not statistically different from the 1990s baseline and one had significantly
poorer performance. Of the 17 helmet models, four provided a significant reduction in head responses compared to 1990s helmets. |
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