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The Impact of Smoking on Delayed Osseous Union After Arthrodesis Procedures in the Hand and Wrist
Institution:1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Danville, PA;1. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Peconic Bay Medical Center-Northwell Health, Riverhead, NY;1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;1. Hand and Plastics Surgery Center, Grand Rapids, MI;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA;4. Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA;5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital/Brown University, Providence, RI;11. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC;12. Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School—The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Abstract:
Keywords:Hand fusion  nonunion  smoking  wrist arthrodesis  wrist fusion
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