跳水运动员颈椎损伤的生物力学研究

作者通过在新鲜成人颈椎标本上做了椎体静力性负荷和动力性负荷实验,表明颈椎在后伸位应力为前屈位的50%,最大应力位于颈椎4-6,是跳水运动员头颈部入水时引起颈椎致伤的生物力学因素。

THE BIOMECHANICS OF CERVICAL INJURY IN DIVERS

To explore the mechanism of cervical injury, a common disorder in divers, X-ray and clinicalexaminations were made of 52 excellend divers. There was discomfort of neck and shoulder in 9 cases(17%) while X-Rays revealed abnormality in 40 (76.9%) and no abnormal findings in 12 (23.1%).Statistics of the results showed that C_(4-6) are sites liable to osteophytosis which will frequently resultin stenosis of the related intervertebral foramina. To study the biomechanics in relation to the cervical vertebrae of divers, stress-strain tests wereperformed on fresh specimens of adult cervical vertebrae with dynamic and static loading. The stress-strain curves showed that the values with the cervical vertebrae in hyperextension were about 50%of those in hyperflexion. The experiment illustrated that the maximum stress is exerted at C~(4-6) levelsas the cervical vertebrae shift from hyperflexion to hyperextension. Therefore, the frequent incidenceof osteophytosis at C~(4-6) levels may well be the result of trauma. And, the impact inflicted on thehead and neck at the moment when diving into the water after a difficult performance in the airmay be the biomechanical factor leading to cervical injury in divers.