吸烟和GSTM1基因多态性与食管癌的相关性探讨

目的探讨吸烟和GSTM1基因多态性与食管癌发病之间的关系。方法以125例男性食管癌患者作为病例组，125名健康男性作为对照组，分别调查两组的吸烟情况以及采用MD—PCR检测外周血白细胞GSTM1基因型，然后采用x^2检验的方法分析两组之间吸烟情况和GSTM1基因缺失情况是否存在着显著性的差别，以及采用叉生分析的方法分析吸烟与GSTM1基因缺失在食管癌的发病中是否存在联合作用。结果病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组的吸烟率（P=0．005），OR=2．791（1．349～5．774）；病例组GSTM1的缺失率为61．6％，显著高于对照组的缺失率44．0％，P=0．005，OR=2．042（1．233～3．382）。吸烟并且有GSTM1基因缺失的人患食管癌的风险是不吸烟且GSTM1基因不缺失者的5．7倍[P=0．001，OR=5．700（1．910～17．013）]。结论吸烟是食管癌发病的一个危险因素，GSTM1基因缺失是食管癌的一个遗传易感因素，两者的联合在食管癌的发生中起着协同的作用。

Correlation between Smoking and the Polymorphism of Gene GSTM1 and Esophageal Carcinoma

Objective To research the correlation between the combination of smoking and the polymorphism of gene GSTM1 and esophageal carcinoma.Methods The case group with male esophageal carcinoma and the control group with healthy volunteer include 125 cases respectively,there state of smoking and the genotype GSTM1 were investigated at the same principles.Results The smoking rate of the case group was significantly higher than which in the control group(P<0.005),OR=2.791(1.349～5.774). The gene losing rate in the case group was 61.6%,obvious higher than those in the control group(44.0%),P<0.005,OR=2.042(1.233～3.382).The combination of smoking and losing gene GSTM1 increase the risk of Esophageal carcinoma 5.7 times oppositely to those who have none of these factors,P=0.001,OR=5.700(1.910～17.013).Conclusion Smoking is a risk and the losing of gene GSTM1 is a impressionable genetic factors to esophageal carcinoma,and they could play a coordinated attack to esophageal carcinoma.