异种角膜移植的伦理学探讨

通过实验室方法处理后，异种角膜具有无细胞、无病源、低抗原的特点，所以异种角膜移植在临床应用具有了技术上的可能性，但其能否通过伦理学的论证需要探讨：①异种角膜移植后能否引起人的特性改变，是否违背伦理道德；②动物保护问题；③异种角膜移植是否会传播某些人源性疾病从而可能危害公众健康。异种角膜移植同其他异种器官移植相比较有明显优势。可操作性强。在临床使用前应对其“安全性、有效性和伦理学”问题进行论证评估，对使用异种角膜的患者进行心理疏导，加强异种角膜“安全性”的研究，应重视对实验动物的尊重。异种角膜移植的开展在一定程度上可解决临床角膜匮乏的问题，为众多盲人重见光明开辟新的治疗途径。

Ethics Investigation on Heterogenous Cornea Transplant

After the laboratory procession, the heterogenous cornea have the good characteristics, such as cell - free, non - pathogenic, and low - antigen, thus its clinical application is justified at technical level, but whether it is able to be approved in ethical field is still a problem. This paper concentrated on the following issues. Whether heterogenous cornea transplant is able to change human being＇s biological character, and whether this tissue transplantation goes against ethical principles.＇？ The second is animal protection issues. And whether this transplantation is able to transmit the animal diseases to human being and endanger public health7 The authors believe compared with other heterogenous organ transplant, heterogenous cornea transplant has obvious advantages and is more feasible. But much effort is still in need on biological safety, efficiency and ethical justification of its clinical application, and psychological counseling on heterogenous cornea transplant recipient and safety research on heterogenous cornea are to be strengthened,in addition we should pay much attention to laboratory animal welfare. In the end, development of heterogenous cornea transplant is somewhat able to solve the serious problem of shortage of donor cornea,and gives the blind another way to brightness.