血液透析患者并发肺动脉高压的临床分析

目的　探讨慢性肾衰竭血液透析（HD）患者并发肺动脉高压（PAH）的发生率和临床特点，以便早期诊断PAH并进行干预。 方法　收集首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院肾内科2000年1月至2007年12月资料完整的维持性血液透析（MHD）患者184例的临床资料，进行回顾性分析。PAH的确定按照超声心动图诊断标准。 结果　184例中并发PAH 65例（35.3%），其中男34例，女31例，平均年龄（56.84±14.58）岁，透析龄（29.69±21.61）个月。PAH组患者使用动静脉内瘘61例，深静脉置管4例。PAH组静息肺动脉收缩压（PASP）为（44.56±8.25） mm Hg（1 mm Hg＝0.133 kPa），显著高于无PAH组的（30.28±3.92）mm Hg（P < 0.01）。PAH组与无PAH组每周透析时间、透析间期体质量增加、Hb、Hct、右室横径、右房横径、右房长径和肺动脉内径等指标差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。对以上因素进行Logistic回归分析显示，MHD并发PAH与贫血、透析间期体质量增加和右房横径显著相关（P < 0.05）。 结论　HD患者并发PAH并不少见，60%为轻度PAH，但临床症状隐匿，应提高警惕以早期诊断和早期干预。定期对HD患者行超声心动图检查对筛选PAH非常必要。

Clinical analysis of hemodialysis patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Objective To investigate the prevalence ,clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in maintenance bemodialysis (MHD) patients for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Complete clinical data of 184 MHD patients in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between January 2000 and December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. PAH diagnosis depended on echocardiography. Results Sixty-five (35.3%) patients were found having PAH, including 31 females and 34 males, with mean (56.84±14.58) years old. The mean bemadialysis duration was (29.69±21.61) months. Among 65 patients with PAH, arteriovenous fistula was used in 61 patients and central venous catheter in 4 patients. The systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP) was (44.56±8.25) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) in PAH group, which was significantly higher than (30.28±3.92) mm Hg in non-PAH group. There were significant differences of interval dialysis weight gain (IDWG), Hb, Hct, right atrial diameter, pulmonary artery diameter and right ventricular diameter between PAH group and non-PAH group (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed anemia, IDWG and right atrial diameter were independent factors (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences of age, dialysis duration, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH) between two groups. Conclusions PAH is a common complication of MHD patients. Patients with mild PAH had few clinical manifestations and good therapeutic responses, but severe PAH may be associated with poor prognos is. Doppler echocardiography should be performed periodically to detect PAH in MHD patients.