不同阶段生精小管组织学结构研究

目的探讨不同阶段人体睾丸生精小管面积、生精小管管腔面积变化和生精上皮在不同阶段的组织学特点,及其与生殖的关系。方法:应用常规组织制片技术和图像分析技术。结果①生精小管平均面积变化,从胚胎睾丸形成到青春期前,随睾丸逐渐发育增大,睾丸间质增多,但生精小管面积无明显增大;自青春期生精小管面积迅速增大,25岁左右达到峰值,45岁左右生精小管平均面积缓慢减少,55岁以后显著减少。②生精小管管腔面积变化,从胚胎睾丸形成到青春期前,生精小管几乎无管腔;青春期管腔开始出现并迅速增大,20岁左右达到峰值;于45岁左右管腔面积缓慢减少,55岁以后显著减少。③生精小管的组织学结构变化,从胚胎睾丸形成到青春期前,生精小管上皮由精原细胞和支持细胞组成,但随睾丸发育增大,睾丸间质增多,生精小管上皮和基膜间渐出现明显的间隙;青春期开始,生精小管上皮发育,生精细胞层数增加,管壁各级生精细胞典型,腔面可见精子;55岁后睾丸纤维化明显,生精小管皱缩,随年龄增长,生精上皮细胞数量渐减少,排列紊乱,基膜增厚。结论①生精细胞增殖旺盛是生精小管平均面积迅速增大的原因之一;生精细胞增殖旺盛的阶段是20～30岁,最佳时期是25岁左右。②生精小管管腔的出现与生精细胞的凋亡、基膜扩大的速率远远大于生精细胞的增殖水平有关,而生精小管管腔的出现有利于精子的生成与运输。③衰老睾丸生殖功能的下降与其组织结构的纤维化及生精小管基膜厚度增加等因素有关。

The study of histological structure of Seminiferous tubules at different stages

Objective To discussion human testis seminiferous tubule area,Seminiferous tube cavity area and the relationship between reproductive.Methods WithGeneral Organization of Production Technology and image analysis technology.Results ①The average area of the sminiferous tubules no significant increase from embryonic formation of the testis before puberty;Since puberty,seminiferous tubule area increased rapidly,peak in the 25-year-old,at 45-year-old average area of seminiferous tubules slowly decrease,after the age of 55 significantly reduced.③The seminiferous tubules has no lumen from embryonic formation of the testis before puberty;since puberty.The average area of lumen increased rapidly,peak in the 20-year-old,at 45-year-old average area of lumen slowly decrease,after the age of 55 significantly reduced.④ Seminiferous tubule histological structural changes,from embryonic formation of the testis before puberty,epithelial of seminiferous tubule only have spermatogonia and Sertoli cells,between seminiferous epithelium and basement membrane,the gap gradually emerged.From adolescence the epithelial of seminiferous tubule development,spermatogenic cell layers increased,can be seen at all levels of spermatogenic cells,sperm can be seen in the cavity surface.After the 55-year-old,testicular fibrosis occurs gradually,seminiferous tubule shrinkage,with age increasing,the number of seminiferous epithelial cells gradually reduced,basement membrane thickening,spermatogenic cells were irregularly arranged.Conclusion ①The proliferation of the spermatogenic cells was one of the causes for the increaseing of the seminiferous tubule avera.Spermatogenic cells exuberant stage is 20 to 30 years old,the best period is about 25 years old.①The appearance of the lumen in the seminiferous tuhule was related to the apoptosis of the spermatogenic cells,and basement membrane is far greater than the rate of expansion of the proliferation of spermatogenic cells,the lumen appear was fit for the spermiogenesis and spermatozoon transport.③The depressed function of the aging testis was related to the tissue structure turned into fiber and the incrassation of the basement membrane of the serniniferous tubules.