Topological changes of the human autonomic cardiac nervous system in individuals with a retroesophageal right subclavian artery: two case reports and a brief review |
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Authors: | Kawashima Tomokazu Sasaki Hiroshi |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 162-8666 Tokyo, Japan |
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Abstract: | The topological changes of the human autonomic cardiac nervous system in two cadavers with a retroesophageal right subclavian
artery (Rersa) were compared with the normal autonomic cardiac nervous system. The following new results were obtained in
addition to the conventional deficient finding of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. (1) Right superior cardiac nerves arising
from the superior cervical ganglion were consistently observed in both cadavers, in addition to the right thoracic cardiac
nerves along the Rersa. (2) A segmental accompanying tendency of the right cardiac nerves was recognized: the cardiac nerves
arising from the sympathetic trunk cranial to the middle cervical ganglia ran along with the right common carotid artery,
whereas the cardiac nerves arising from the sympathetic trunk caudal to the vertebral ganglion ran along the Rersa. (3) The
right thoracic cardiac nerves, which have never been observed to accompany the normal right subclavian artery, ran along the
proximal part of the Rersa. According to previous reports of individuals with the Rersa, a thick right thoracic cardiac nerve
is commonly observed instead of a right superior cardiac nerve. However, all the cardiac nerves were recognized in both the
individuals described in the present report. Therefore, we strongly disagree with the previous idea that the origin of the
right cardiac nerves from the sympathetic trunk and ganglia is shifted caudally in individuals with the Rersa. The topological
changes of the autonomic cardiac nervous system in two cases of Rersa also reflected spatial changes of great arteries. |
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Keywords: | Retroesophageal right subclavian artery Cardiac nerve Autonomic nerve Macroscopic anatomy |
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