2004年广州市7～18岁中小学生常见病调查分析

目的了解广州市7～18岁中小学生常见病患病情况。方法选择广州市城乡12所中小学作为监测点,抽样调查5760名在校7～18岁学生,进行视力、龋齿、营养状况、乡村部分学生的肠道蛔虫卵检查,并与历年广州市中小学生常见病患病情况调查资料进行对比分析。结果广州市7～18岁中小学学生视力不良总检出率为59.3%,城市学生视力不良检出率(64.5%)高于农村学生(54.1%),女生视力不良和近视均高于同年龄男生,视力不良主要表现为近视(占视力不良的97.2%);近视检出率随年龄增长而增长,由7岁时的28.8%上升至18岁的85.6%。城乡学生总龋检出率为37.3%,总龋均为1.10;城市学生恒龋的检出率(15.3%)和龋均(0.31)与乡村学生比较(分别为13.3%和0.24)差异无统计学意义,但乡村学生乳龋检出率(33.1%)和龋均(1.22)高于城市学生(分别为16.0%和0.43),差异有统计学意义。营养状况方面城、乡学生体重正常者只占受检者33.9%和28.0%,乡村学生营养不良及较低体重比例(64.8%)高于城市学生(50.1%),而城市学生超重及肥胖比例(16.0%)高于乡村(7.3%);肠道蛔虫感染率几近为零。结论近视;乳齿的检出率升高、乳龋的充填率下降;正常体重者比例较低,营养不良或较低体重者比例较大等是当前广州市学生的常见病防治的重点问题。

Survey on Common Diseases in the Primary and Junior Students in Guangzhou in 2004

Objective To explore the prevalence of common diseases in the primary and junior students in Guangzhou. Method 12 primary and junior schools in city and suburb areas were selected in this study. 5760 students from 7 to 18 years old were sampled. And the common diseases, such as weak sight, decayed tooth, obesity, dystrophia and the rate of ascarid ovum were investigated and detected. Comparative analysis was made using the data collected between 2003 and 2004. Result The percentage of primary and junior student with weak sight in Guangzhou was 59.3%. The percentage of weak sight for the city students (64.5%) and the girl students was higher than that of the suburb students (54.1%) and the boy students with same age respectively. 97.2% of weak sight are myopia. The myopia detectable rate increased with age, from 28.8% for 7 years old to 85.6 % for 18 years old. The total detectable rate of decayed tooth was 37.3% and the mean of decayed tooth was 1.10 among the investigated students. There was no significant difference between the detectable rate of conman decayed tooth and the mean of decayed tooth (15.3% and 0.31) for the city students and those for suburb students(13.3% and 0.24, P > 0.05). But the detectable rates of decayed tooth in baby and the mean of decayed tooth for suburb students (33.1%and 1.22) were higher than those for the city students (16.0% and 0.43). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The rate with normal weight of the students in the city and in the suburb was 33.9% and 28.0% respectively. The rate with abnormal nutrition and low weight of the suburb students (64.8%) was higher than that of the city students (50.1%). The rate with overweight and obesity of the students in the city was higher than that of the suburb students in other way. And the infection rate of ascarid ovum was zero nearly. Conclusion The detectable rate of myopia and baby tooth increased and the filling rate of the baby decayed tooth descended. It is difficult to achieve the control and prevent the common diseases in the primary and junior students in with a lower rate of normal weight and abnormal nutrition.