人体5种小型吸虫病原形态观察

目的通过对东方次睾吸虫(Metorchisorientalis)、华支睾吸虫(Clonorchissinensis)、钩棘单睾吸虫(Haplorchispumilio)、扇棘单睾吸虫(Haplorchistaichui)和台湾棘带吸虫(Centrocestusformosanus)的形态观察,为鉴别这些人体寄生虫病病原提供科学依据。方法收集5种吸虫的成虫、虫卵、囊蚴,并进行形态、大小测量和寄生部位观察。结果东方次睾吸虫和华支睾吸虫成虫寄生部位完全相同,都是在胆管和胆囊内。其他3种则在小肠内。囊蚴寄生部位:除台湾棘带吸虫在鱼鳃外,其余4种均在鱼肉内。虫卵特征:5种吸虫除卵盖和外壳光洁度有些差别外,其余差别甚微。囊蚴特征:东方次睾吸虫囊壁很厚,而其他4种则很薄。其它特征:台湾棘带吸虫的排泄囊呈“工”字形,扇棘单睾吸虫生殖吸盘上的小棘呈杆状排列成葵扇状;而钩棘单睾吸虫则呈点状并围成一圈。成虫特征:华支睾吸虫最大,呈葵花仔状;东方次睾吸虫其次,呈叶片状;钩棘单睾吸虫和扇棘单睾吸虫居中,两者均呈鞋状;台湾棘带吸虫最小,呈酒瓶状。结论发现上述5种吸虫的成虫、虫卵及囊蚴时,必须根据各自形态、大小等特征,认真鉴别。

Morphological Observation of Five Kinds of Fluke

Objective To provide the basis for the differentiation with other fluke samples through observating the morphology of Metorchis orientalis, Clonorchis sinensis, Haplorchis pumilios, Haptorchis taichui, and Centrocestue formosanus. Methods Adults, egg and metacercaria of five kinds of fluke were collected. Their shape, size and habitation site were examined. Results The habitation site of adult: Adult of Metorchis orientalis and Clonorchis sinensis inhabit in the bile duct, whereas others in the small intestine. The habitation site of metacercaria: Besides Centrocestue formosanus inhabits in the branchia of the fish, others inhabit in the muscle of the fish body. Egg characterization: Besides some differences of the top of egg and the crustaceous glabrous degree of egg on five kinds of fluke, there are some other minor differences. Metacercaria characterization: There is very thick theca wall in Metorchis orientalis, whereas very thin in others. Other characterization: The excretory bladder of Centrocestue formosanus is "I" graphemic. The tubular small thorns on the genital sucker of Haptorchis taichui are arrayed in flabellate sunflower shape. That of Haplorchis pumilios are formed punctate and surrounded with the circuit. Adult characterization: The biggest is Clonorchis sinensis with the form of sunflower seed; the second is Metorchis orientalis with lamina form; the third is Haplorchis pumilios and Haptorchis taichui with the shoes form; the smallest is Centrocestue formosanus with winebottle form. Conclusion When counting egg, adult and metracercaria of five kinds of fluke, they must be identified depending on their characterization on size and shape.