集成青山湖垸平垸行洪退田还湖后血吸虫病疫情及干预措施研究

目的 掌握平垸行洪、退田还湖后废弃堤垸的血吸虫病流行因素变化趋势和疫情变化动态。方法 选择研究试点，纵向观察血吸虫病流行因素变化趋势以及各项干预措施的效果。结果 在废垸内活动的流动人群血吸虫感染率上升；集成垸内钉螺扩散速度较快，青山湖垸钉螺分布面积则有所减少；在废垸内放牧的家畜数量增加，血吸虫感染率高；感染性钉螺密度较高。废垸流动人群大部分来自当地，少部分来自外地；活动方式主要是捕鱼，其次是放牧、养殖。平退堤垸移民90％迁往流行区，少数迁往非流行区。结论 废垸正在演化成血吸虫病易感地带。平退废垸的钉螺扩散与环境改变有密切关系，一些生产开发措施可减缓钉螺扩散；应重视对迁往非流行区移民的查病和化疗，保护移民身体健康。

Endemic diversity and interventions on schistosomiasis after reserving plain for flooding in Jicheng and Qingshanhu

Objective To understand endemic diversity on schistosomiasis transmission after reserving plain for flooding. Methods In two study pilots, Jicheng and Qingshanhu, epidemiological factors were investigated longitudinally, and the effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated. Results The infection rates of mobile people who engaged in activities in the discarded plain were increased year by year. The density of infected snails was high. The snail habitats increased significantly in Jicheng, but decreased in Qingshanhu. The infection rate and number of livestock pastured in the discarded plain increased. In the discarded plain, most of the mobile people came from the local areas, and main activities for water contact were fishing and pasturing. About 90% of local residents migrated into endemic areas, and the others into non-endemic areas. Conclusions The dis- carded plains were evolving to a serious transmission zone of schistosomiasis. Interventions combined with agriculture and fisher productions can decrease snail-spreading. Schistosomiasis examination and chemotherapy for the migrants to non-endemic areas are vital.