青岛地区儿童哮喘影响因素病例对照研究

目的探讨儿童哮喘的影响因素。方法应用1：1配对的病例一对照研究方法，采用问卷调查方式，调查300对病例和对照儿童，并分析有关的暴露因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，有17个因素与儿童哮喘有关联，包括父亲呼吸系统疾病史、母亲呼吸系统疾病史、家庭收入情况、特应性体质、急性呼吸道感染史、食肉习惯、海产品摄入量、是否有泡沫制品、是否装修过、厨房排烟方式、排烟效果、是否饲养宠物、家族哮喘病史、家族过敏性鼻炎史、父母食物过敏史、父母粉尘过敏史、首次发病后是否经过系统治疗。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，7个因素进入主效应模型，其中父亲有呼吸系统疾病史（OR=3．771，95％CI：1．533～9．278）、家庭低收入（OR=I．503，95％CI：1．258～1．795）、特应性体质（OR=3．788，95％CI：2．368～6．058）、喜食肥肉（OR=2．042，95％CI：1．481～2．815）、家族哮喘病史（OR=I．710，95％CI：0．988～2．958）、家族过敏性鼻炎史（OR=I．991，95％CI：1．234～3.211）是儿童哮喘的危险因素，饲养宠物（OR=0．443，95％CI：0．265～0．739）是保护因素；回归系数分别为1．327，0．407，1．332，0．714，0．536，0．689，-0．814。结论儿童哮喘是遗传和环境双重因素共同作用导致的一种复杂疾病。

Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Asthma in Children in Qingdao

Objective To explore the risk factors for asthma in children. Methods A 1：1 matched and hospital-based case-control study was conducted to analyses risk factors for asthma in 300 pairs of children by logistic regression analysis. Results The result of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 17 related factors for children asthma, including disease history of parents in respiratory system, family income, atopic character, history of acute respiratory infections, eating habit, the amount of sea foods intakes, foam plastics, family decoration, the way of exhaust fume in kitchen, the exhaust effectiveness, raising pet in house, family history of asthma, family history of allergic rhinitis, family history of food allergy, dust allergy of parents, systemic therapy after the first attack. With multivariate Logistic regression analysis, 7 factors were entered the model, 6 risk factors including father＇s history of respiratory diseases （OR 3.771, 95%CI 1.533-9.278）, low family income （OR 1.503, 95%CI 1.258-1.795）, atopy （OR 3.788, 95%CI 2.368-6.058）, meat-eating habit （OR 2.042, 95%CI 1.481-2.815）, asthma history of family members （OR 1.710, 95%CI 0.988-2.958）, the family history of allergic rhinitis （OR 1.991, 95%CI 1.234-3.211）, and 1 protective factor of raising pet in house （OR 0.443, 95%CI 0.265-0.739）. The coefficients of these factors in multivariate logistic regression model were 1.327,0.407,1.322,0.714,0.536,0.689, and - 0.814 respectively. Conclusion Children asthma was a multi-factorial complex disease, and the interaction of environmental and genetic risk factors played an important role in the onset of this disease.