Morphologic Study of Nipple-Areola Complex in 600 Breasts |
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Authors: | Jun-ichi Sanuki Eisuke Fukuma Yoshihiro Uchida |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Breast Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan;(2) Breast Center, Kameda Medical Center Hospital, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa City, Chiba, Japan |
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Abstract: | To investigate the morphologic characteristics of the nipple-areola complex, the diameter of the nipple-areola complex and
the height of the nipple in 300 adult women (600 breasts) were measured using micrometer calipers. Furthermore, the morphologic
characteristics were classified into four types by visual observation. Mean diameter of the areola was 4.0 cm, mean diameter
of the nipple was 1.3 cm, and mean height of the nipple was 0.9 cm. From the morphologic point of view, the elevated plateau
type without constriction (IIs) was most commonly found, being present in 60.2% of breasts. Inverted nipples (III) were found
in 3.5% and unclassified type (IV) such as multiple or divided nipples was found in 0.3%. Because women have become sensitive
about the appearance of their breasts and there is increasing cosmetic interest following surgery for breast carcinoma, operations
on the nipple-areola complex are now common. When a surgeon counsels a patient and designs a reconstruction method prior to
operation, these data may be helpful. |
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Keywords: | Nipple-areola complex Breast Anatomy Morphology Endoscopic breast surgery |
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