飞龙掌血根皮的生药学鉴别与止血活性考察

目的:开展飞龙掌血根皮的组织切片、粉末显微方面的生药学鉴别研究,以及其止血活性与样品制备方法研究。方法:通过制作飞龙掌血全根横切片,飞龙掌血根皮与根心各自粉末的水装片、透化片、染色片,运用生药学传统鉴别手段完善飞龙掌血全根的组织切片特征,寻找飞龙掌血根皮与根心之间的粉末显微特征。采用小鼠断尾法、毛细玻管法,以出血时间、出血量、凝血时间为指标,考察不同提取方法、不同极性部位对飞龙掌血根皮止血活性的影响。结果:飞龙掌血根皮含有大量石细胞、草酸钙方晶、木栓细胞、油细胞等,飞龙掌血根心含木纤维、草酸钙方晶、网纹纹孔导管等。95%乙醇冷浸提取与50%乙醇回流提取都适合于飞龙掌血根皮提取;冷浸浸膏乙酸乙酯部位止血活性优于石油醚部位和正丁醇部位,冷浸浸膏乙酸乙酯部位按剂量1.50 g·kg-1给药,平均出血时间、出血量、凝血时间依次为(59.67±12.31)s,(4.42±1.67)mg,(79.67±5.57)s。结论:石细胞、木栓细胞、油细胞是飞龙掌血根皮的显微鉴别项目,木纤维是飞龙掌血根心的专有鉴别项目。飞龙掌血根皮的提取应结合乙醇冷浸法和回流法,飞龙掌血根皮具有良好的止血凝血效果,以冷浸提取乙酸乙酯部位止血效果最好。

Pharmacognostic Identification and Hemostatic Activity of Toddalia asiatica Root Bark

Objective: To carry out the pharmacognostic identification of Toddalia asiatica root bark including plant tissue cross section and fine powder microscopic identification,its hemostatic activity and sample preparation method. Method: Through making horizontal slices of full root of T.asiatica,water loading slides,permeabilizing slides and staining slides of the root bark and the root cores respectively,the tissue section characteristics of full root of T. asiatica were improved in traditional means of pharmacognostic identification,fine powder microscopic characteristics between the root bark and the root cores of T. asiatica were also investigated.For hemostatic activity of T. asiatica root bark,bleeding time (BT),amount of bleeding (BA) and clotting time (CT) were chosen as indexes,different extraction methods and polarity fractions were studied by typical mouse tail-cutting method and glass capillary tube method. Result: T. asiatica root bark contained a lot of stone cells,calcium oxalate crystals,cork cells, oil cells,et al.Meanwhile,the root cores had wood fibers,calcium oxalate crystals,textured pit catheters,et al.Both 95% ethanol cold maceration method and 50% ethanol reflux method were suitable for extraction of T. asiatica root bark.The ethyl acetate fraction of cold maceration extract showed the best hemostatic activity by comparing with petroleum ether fraction and n-butanol fraction.Under administration of 1.50 g·kg^-1 ethyl acetate fraction of cold maceration extract,average values of BT,BA and CT were (59.67±12.31) s,(4.42±1.67) mg and (79.67±5.57) s. Conclusion: Stone cells,cork cells and oil cells are characteristic items of T. asiatica root bark,wood fibers only existes in T. asiatica root cores relatively.Combination of cold maceration method and ethanol reflux method is reasonable for extraction of T. asiatica root bark.T. asiatica root bark has excellent hemostatic and coagulation effects,and hemostatic effect of ethyl acetate fraction of cold maceration extract is the best.