The information content of Doppler ultrasound signals from the fetal heart |
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Authors: | S A Shakespeare Dr J A Crowe B R Hayes-Gill K Bhogal D K James |
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Institution: | (1) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;(2) Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Human Development, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK |
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Abstract: | Knowledge of the content of Doppler ultrasound signals from the fetal heart is essential if the performance of fetal heart
rate (FHR) monitors based upon this technology is to be improved. For this reason instrumentation was constructed to enable
the simultaneous collection of Doppler audio signals and the transabdominal fetal ECG (for signal registration), with a total
of 22 recordings being made with an average length of around 20 minutes. These data demonstrate the transient nature of the
Doppler audio data with wide variations in the signal content observable on a beat-to-beat basis. Short-time Fourier analysis
enabled the content of the Doppler signals to be linked to six cardiac events, four valve and two wall motions, with higher
frequency components being associated with the latter. This differing frequency content together with information regarding
the direction of movement that can be discerned from Doppler signals provided a potential means of discriminating between
these six events (which are unlikely to all contribute to the Doppler signal within the same cardiac cycle). Analysis of 100
records showed that wall contractions generate the most prominent signals, with atrial contraction recognisable in all records
and ventricular wall contraction in 95% (although its amplitude is only around 30% of that of the atrial signal). Valve motion,
with amplitudes between 15 and 25% that of the atrial wall signal, were visible in 75% of records. These results suggest means
by which the six events that contribute to the Doppler signal may be distinguished, providing information that should enable
an improvement in the current performance of Doppler ultrasound-based FHR monitors. |
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Keywords: | Doppler ultrasound Fetal monitoring Fetal heart rate Fetal electrocardiogram Fetal cardiac function |
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