狭颅症的影像学诊断

目的:探讨狭颅症的X线、CT和MRI表现以及不同影像学检查方法对本病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析5例狭颅症患者的临床及影像学资料,包括X线、CT和MRI。结果:5例狭颅症,1例表现为舟状头畸形,2例表现为尖头畸形,2例表现为短头畸形,5例均可见脑回压迹加深,4例可见蝶骨体前移及眼眶变浅,1例尖头畸形CT扫描可见幕上脑室扩大,1例短头畸形CT扫描示颅骨内板呈波浪状凹陷,视神经孔变窄,双侧眼球明显突出,MRI扫描示双侧脑室轻度扩大,后颅窝显示狭窄,中脑导水管及四脑室轻度受压,后移。垂体变薄。结论:狭颅症影像学表现极具特征性,X线片具有较高诊断价值,CT和MRI对判断颅内继发改变和鉴别诊断具有一定价值。

Imaging Diagnosis of Craniostenosis

Objective:To explore the X-ray,CT and MRI features and their value in the diagnosis of craniostenosis.Methods:Five cases of craniostenosis were retrospectively analyzed.Imaging modalities included X-ray,CT and MRI. Results:Of the five cases,scaphocephaly was showed in one case and oxycephaly and brachycephaly were revealed in two cases respectively.All cases demonstrated the pronounced digital impressions.The anterior displacement of the sphenoid body and the smaller orbit were seen in four cases.One case with oxycephaly demonstrated the enlarged supratentorial cerebral ventricles on CT.One case with brachycephaly showed deep convolutional markings,narrowing of the optic foramen and obvious protrusion of both eyes on CT,as well as the enlarged lateral ventricles,narrowing of the posterior fossa,the compression of the aqueduct and the fourth ventricle,and thinning of pituitary gland on MRI.Conclusion:Since radiological manifestations of craniostenosis are characteristic,X-ray examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of craniostenosis.CT and MRI are helpful to the demonstration of the intracranial secondary changes and the differentiatial diagnosis of craniostenosis.