不同程度急性胆管炎患者的胆汁细菌培养及药敏分析

目的调查不同程度急性胆管炎患者的胆汁细菌培养及药敏状况,为临床合理用药及预防提供数据指导。方法对2010年4月-2014年4月收治的230例急性胆管炎患者的资料进行回顾性分析,采用VITEK2 Compact微生物仪对患者胆汁进行细菌种类鉴定及药物敏感性试验。计量资料组间比较采用方差分析,计数资料采用χ2检验。结果 230例患者中172例患者胆汁培养存在细菌,阳性率为74.78%(172/230);共检出病原菌237株,其中革兰氏阳性菌135株,占56.96%,以肠球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌为主;革兰氏阴性菌96株,占40.51%,以铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌为主;真菌6株,占2.53%,以酵母菌为主。轻度胆管炎与重度胆管炎细菌感染率比较差异具统计学意义(χ2=4.58,P=0.028)。革兰氏阴性菌是轻、中度急性胆管炎的主要细菌类别,多重细菌感染是重度急性胆管炎细菌感染的主要形式。细菌对万古霉素、亚胺培南和阿米卡星等的敏感率较高。结论革兰氏阳性菌是急性胆管炎的主要病原菌,应早期介入治疗,及时病原菌检测及药敏试验,为临床治疗提供准确方向。

Analysis of bile bacteria culture and their antibiotic sensitivity in patients with varying degrees of acute cholangitis

Objective To profile the types of bacteria in bile culture and study their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with varying de-grees of acute cholangitis and to provide data guidance for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection.Methods The clinical data of 230 patients with acute cholangitis who were admitted to our hospital from April 2010 to April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Classifica-tion of pathogenic bacteria and the antibiotic sensitivity test in bile cultures were performed using VITEK 2 Compact Biomerieux microbiologi-cal system.Results Within the 230 patients,172 tested positive for biliary bacteria,and the positive rate was 74.78%（172/230）.There were 237 strains of pathogenic bacteria,including 135 strains of Gram-positive bacteria （56.96%）,comprised mainly of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus,96 strains of Gram-negative bacteria （40.5 1%）,comprised mainly of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia,and 6 strains of fungi （2.53%）,comprised mainly of yeast.Significant difference in the positive rate of bacteria was detected between patients with mild and severe cholangitis （χ^2 =4.58,P =0.028）.Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant i-solates in patients with mild and moderate acute cholangitis,while multiple bacterial infection was more common in patients with severe cholangitis.Biliary bacteria had a higher rate of susceptibility to vancomycin,imipenem,and amikacin compared with other antibiotics. Conclusion Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant pathogens in acute cholangitis.Early detection,immediate intervention,and ac-curate drug susceptibility test should be implemented at regular intervals to direct effective clinical therapy.