骨髓间质干细胞和脱细胞基质构建组织工程血管的动物实验

目的以骨髓细胞作为种子细胞,血管脱细胞组织基质作为支架、构建组织工程血管。方法分离小猪骨髓单个核细胞,分别置于内皮细胞培养液和平滑肌细胞培养液中培养,观察分化细胞的抗原标志;多步骤法制备犬血管脱细胞组织基质,将未经分化的骨髓单个核细胞种植于脱细胞基质构建组织工程血管,移植至骨髓供体小猪,代替部分肺动脉血管。结果小猪骨髓细胞经内皮细胞培养液或平滑肌细胞培养液培养后,分别出现成熟内皮细胞或平滑肌细胞的形态学改变,并分别表达内皮细胞或平滑肌细胞的特异性抗原;组织工程血管移植100d后管腔通畅,无血栓、钙化或动脉瘤形成,内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞分化、增殖良好;移植血管的最大负载为2．76N,最大伸长度为20．31mm。结论骨髓单个核细胞复合脱细胞基质可成功构建组织工程血管。

Tissue-engineered graft constructed by bone marrow mononuclear cells and heterogeneous acellularized tissue matrix: an animal experiment

OBJECTIVE: To construct a tissue-engineered graft by using bone marrow cells as seeding cells and heterogeneous acellularized matrix as scaffold. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from the bone marrow from piglets and cultured in different mediums including either vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) to observe the differentiation of cells. Immunoassay was used to detect the expression of specific markers of endothelial cells or specific markers of smooth muscle cells. Adult dogs were killed and their thoracic or abdominal aortas were taken out and processed by multi-step decellularizing technique to remove the original cells while the elastic and collagen fibers were preserved. The undifferentiated bone marrow mononuclear cells were seeded onto the acellularized matrix and incubated in vitro. The cell-seeded grafts were then transplanted to the bone marrow donating piglets to substitute part of the native pulmonary artery. Three weeks later right ventriculography was performed. 100 days later the piglets were sacrificed. The transplanted vessels and the nearby tissues of native pulmonary vessels were excised for inspection. RESULTS: The mononuclear cells cultured in the medium including VEGF showed the morphological features of endothelial cells and were positive of the specific markers of endothelial cells: platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-l, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flk-1, VE-cadherin, and plasma factor VIII. The cells cultured in the medium including PDGF-BB showed morphological feature of smooth muscle cells and were positive of he specific marks of smooth muscle cells: alpha-SMA and calponin. One hundred days after transplantation, the inner surfaces of the grafts were smooth without thrombosis, calcification, and aneurysm. The maximal load was 2.76 N and the maximal elongation was 20.31 mm. Under the microscopy a great number of growing endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells could be seen and elastic and collagen fibers were abundant. CONCLUSION: The mononuclear cells from bone marrow and acellularized matrix may be used to construct tissue-engineered graft.