败酱及墓头回基原的沿革与变迁

败酱和墓头回均为传统中药材,市售基原和入药部位混杂,为探究败酱和墓头回基原与入药部位的沿革与变迁,该文通过查阅历代本草书籍有关败酱和墓头回的记载,进行系统整理。发现明代之前败酱来源于败酱属开黄花植物的"根",明清时期败酱来源于白花败酱Patrinia villosa的"带根全草";明代时墓头回开始药用,来源于败酱属开黄花植物的"根",其基原与明代之前败酱基原相同,均为败酱属开黄花的植物。因此应把墓头回并入败酱之类,以败酱属植物败酱P.scabiosaefolia和异叶败酱P.heterophylla的"根"与其"地上部分"作为败酱正品来源。

Evolution and transition of source of Patrinia Herba and Patrinia Radix

Both Patrinia Herba and Patrinia Radix are traditional Chinese herbal medicines. The herbal source and medicinal part of them are confusing in the herbal medicine market of China. To explore the evolution and transition of the herbal source and medicinal part of Patrinia Herba and Patrinia Radix, this paper systematically summarizes the record of the herbal source and medicinal part of them in ancient classics of herbal medicine in China. According to the findings, before Ming Dynasty, Patrinia Herba originated from the radix of the plants with yellow flowers of Patrinia. In Ming and Qing Dynasty, Patrinia Herba originates from the whole plant (including the radix)of the plant with white flowers of Patrinia. In Ming Dynasty, Patrinia Radix, stemming from the radix of the plants with yellow flowers of Patrinia, started to be used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which had the same herbal source with that of Patrinia Herba before Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Patrinia Herba and Patrinia Radix can be seen as the same traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and the genuine of Patrinia Herba should be the radix and the whole herba of P. scabiosaefolia and P. heterophylla.