正常成人处于"气功态"和"催眠态"时的脑诱发电位实验

背景自确立"气功所致精神障碍"诊断单元以来,有关练功过程是否影响中枢神经系统生理状态,气功发功与催眠诱导对中枢系统产生效应有何异同,一直缺少实验观察的比较分析.目的观察正常成人处于"正常态"、"气功入静态"和"催眠状态"的脑诱发电位变化,分析气功发功和催眠诱导对大脑生理过程效应的异同.设计以正常成人为观察对象的脑诱发电位实验.单位上海市精神卫生中心.对象2001-09/2002-12上海市精神病院职工、实习医生、志愿者不同性别、年龄与文化程度共52人.方法①使用美国Nicolet Spirit诱发脑电生理仪,按国际10/20系统方法安置电极,置头皮Cz,C3,C4,Pz,Fz部位.言语性或凝视性诱导催眠.催眠过程持续约20～30 min,其中诱导10～15 min,确定被试者进入被催眠状态后进行实验观察.②与上海市气功研究所和民间气功师合作,由他们向被观察对象发放"气功外气".认定"气功入静"的程度根据民间标准,由气功师确认进入状态后,进行实验观察,整个过程约持续20～30 min.③观察分别处于正常对照、气功入静和催眠状态下参与者脑电活动中事件相关电位(关联性负变,P300电位)和感觉诱发电位(视觉诱发电位、听觉诱发电位、听觉脑干反应)潜伏期和波幅变化,将观察值进行2×2析因设计的单因素变量线性模型多元方差分析.主要观察指标①事件相关电位观察结果.②感觉诱发电位观察结果.结果因催眠诱导效果欠佳和脑诱发电位记录不全等原因共脱落3例,最终对49例进行统计分析.①事件相关电位观察结果催眠状态下P300电位(靶刺激-P3)波幅比正常态降低(4.18±2.23),(6.07±3.23)μV,P＜0.01];关联性负变(M2)波幅与正常态和气功态相比降低(5.93±3.36),(7.83±4.49),(7.76±4.42)μV,P＜0.05].②感觉诱发电位观察结果催眠状态下听觉诱发电位(P2)与正常态和气功入静态相比波幅降低(2.01±1.28),(2.71±1.83),(2.73±1.34)μV,P＜0.05];催眠状态下视觉诱发电位(P2,P3)波幅与正常态以及气功态相比降低(3.47±2.69),(4.76±2.78),(4.30±2.64)μV;(1.68±0.95),(1.18±1.08),(2.01±1.48)μV,P＜0.05].结论处于催眠状态时,感觉诱发电位出现低波幅,而气功入静态和正常态未出现此种改变,说明催眠诱导对大脑生理过程的影响与气功发功所产生的影响存在差别.在气功界被广泛认同的"气功态"即"催眠态"这一假说不能为上述实验结果所证实.

Experiment of brain evoked potentials in "Qigong state" and "hypnosis" of normal adults

BACKGROUND: Since the diagnostic unit is established in "mental disorder due to Qigong", it has been lack of comparative analysis of experimental observation on whether Qigong exercise affects physiological state in central nerve system, on what the difference are between Qigong and hypnotic induction in the effects on central system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in brain evoked potentials in "normal state", "Qigong meditation" and "hypnosis" so as to analyze the difference between Qigong release and hypnotic induction in cerebral physiological effects in normal adults.DESIGN: Brain evoked potential experiment was designed, in which, normal adults were employed.SETTING: Shanghai Mental Health Center.PARTICIPANTS: They were staffs, interns and volunteers in Shanghai Mental Health Center, of either gender, at any age and with any educational background, totally 52 people.METHODS: ① American Nicolet Spirit evoked brain electrophysiological meter was used. The electrodes were attached according to 10/20 system on Cz, C3, C4, Pz and Fz of scalp. Verbal or fixation inductive hypnosis was applied. Hypnosis lasted 20 to 30 minutes, in which, the induction lasted 10to 15 minutes. The experimental observation were performed when the receptors were determined to be in hypnosis. ② The Qigong meditation was co-performed by the Qigong masters from Shanghai Qigong Institute or Qigong folk masters. They released "external qi" to the receptors. The degree of "Qigong meditction" was based on folk standards. The observation was carried on when the receptors were identified to be in theQigong state.The entire process lasted 20 to 30 minutes. ③ To observe successively the latency and amplitude of the event related potentials contingent negative variation (CNV), P300 ] and sensory evoked potentials visual evoked potentials (VEP), auditory evoked potentials (AEP), auditory brainstem reaction (ABR)] of receptors in "normal state", "Qigong meditation" and "hypnotic state". The observed values were performed multiple analysis of variance of single-factor quantitative linear model in 2 × 2 factorial design.MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: ① Observation of event related potentials. ② Observation of sensory evoked potentials RESULTS: Due to limited result of hypnotic induction and incomplete record of brain-evoked potentials, 3 cases were lost. Terminally, 49 cases entered statistical analysis. ①Observation of event related potentials: under hypnotic state, the amplitude of P300 (target stimuli-P3) was decreased compared with normal state (4.18±2.23), (6.07±3.23) μV, P ＜ 0.01]. The amplitude of AEP (P2) in hypnotic state and normal state was decreased compared with Qigong meditation (2.01±1.28), (2.71±1.83), (2.73±1.34)μV, P＜0.05].The amplitude of CNV(M2) was decreased comparedwith normal state and Qigong meditation(5.93±3.36),(7.83±4.59),(7.76±4.42) μ,V,P ＜ 0.05].②Observation of sensory evoked potentials: The amplitude of VEP (P2, P3) in hypnotic state was reduced compared with normal state and Qigong meditation (3.47±2.69), (4.76±2.78), (4.30±2.64) μV; (1.18 ±1.08), (1.68±0.95),(2.01±1.48) μV, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: In hypnotic state, sensory evoked potentials presented low amplitude and such alternation did not appeared in Qigong meditation and normal state. It is explained that there are differences between hypnotic induction and Qigong release in the influence on cerebral physiological process. The extensively recognized hypothesis in Qigong field that "Qigong state" is "hypnosis" cannot be verified by above-mentioned experiment.