现实与虚拟互动技术及其在膝关节稳定性分析中的应用

目的运用现实与虚拟互动的骨科生物力学方法，对正常人体膝关节进行三维重建、图像分割，验证该法对于关节内外结构进行生物力学分析的可行性：方法去除膝关节周围的肌肉、脂肪和结缔组织等软组织，保留完整的关节囊，用聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂将股骨下段和胫骨上段分别包埋。在膝关节标本上打上不共线的“立方体”形标志物，将实际膝关节、股骨、胫腓骨进行配准，利用三维扫描技术分析标志点空间位置的变化，对三维网像进行分析，并通过三维重建软件分析验证重建模型的有效性，结果建立了膝关节的三维空间模型结构，通过该模型可直接观察到膝关节内外结构的运动信息．能够进行力学分析和测量．分析结果证明其在仿真分析中是可行的。结论该方法适用于重建人体膝关节的三维空间几何模型，能够让人们直观地了解膝关节内部的运动信息，可直接进行结构力学仿真分析．模拟膝关节在各种负荷条件下各部位的应力、应变分布，为关节生物力学研究提供了一种简捷高效的实验方法。

Application of interactive virtual reality technique in biomechanical analysis of knee joint stability

Objective To test the feasibility of using interactive virtual reality technique for three-dimensional reconstruction and image segmentation for biomechanical analysis of the knee joint structures. Methods The muscular and fat tissues along with the connective tissues were removed from the knee joint, and the femur and tibia were embedded in polymethacrylate gel. The knee joint was reconstructed with three-dimensional analysis system after calibration of the sequence of the three-dimensional markers attached to the femur and tibia. Results The knee joint model was reconstructed and verified by three-dimensional analysis. This model provided information of the motions of the internal and external knee joint structures. Conclusion This method is useful for reconstructing human joints and provides a new and highly efficient experimental method for biomechanical simulation of human joints.