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Household endotoxin levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
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| Authors: | Jun Wang Wendy Cozen Peter S. Thorne Kiros Berhane James R. Cerhan Patricia Hartge Mary H. Ward Anneclaire J. De Roos Richard K. Severson Lindsay M. Morton Leslie Bernstein Martha S. Linet Joanne S. Colt |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2. Department of Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 3. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave. MC 9175, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9175, USA 4. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 5. Division of Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 6. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 7. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 8. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 9. Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA |
| Abstract: | ObjectiveEndotoxin, a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, elicits a strong innate and inflammatory immune response associated with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Because TNF-α polymorphisms that increase TNF-α production are associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we hypothesized that increased levels of household endotoxin would be associated with an increased NHL risk.MethodsWe evaluated this association in the National Cancer Institute/Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (NCI/SEER) NHL multicenter population-based case–control study. Used vacuum cleaner bags were collected from participants during a home interview. Dust samples from the bags of 594 cases and 442 controls were analyzed for endotoxin [endotoxin unit (EU)/mg of dust] using the kinetic chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of endotoxin on NHL risk adjusted for age, sex, race, education, study center, and farm exposure.ResultsEndotoxin was not associated with NHL overall [odds ratio (OR) for highest quartile of endotoxin levels = 0.81, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.55, 1.20; p for trend = 0.35] or with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR = 0.63, 95 % CI = 0.34, 1.16; p = 0.31) or follicular lymphoma (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 0.61, 1.89; p = 0.73) subtypes. Both working and living on a farm were associated with higher household endotoxin levels compared to never working (p = 0.009) or living (p = 0.01) on a farm. Excluding farmers from the analysis did not change the results.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of a role for household endotoxin in NHL etiology. |
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