影响妊娠妇女孕前口腔检查的多因素综合分析

[摘要] 目的 通过调查问卷综合分析影响妊娠妇女孕前口腔检查的因素。方法 采用系统抽样的方法按照样本纳入标准选取广州市花都区妇幼保健院514例产检妇女作为问卷调查对象。在第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查问卷的基础上,结合本课题的研究目的 设计问卷。调查问卷的内容包括:人口统计学资料、口腔健康知识的认知、口腔健康态度、孕前进行口腔检查的情况、未进行孕前口腔检查的原因、看牙费用支付途径;通过问卷结果进行分析。结果 514例调查对象中共有121名进行了孕前的口腔检查,占25.5%,孕前是否进行口腔检查与受教育程度和月收入相关(P<0.001),与口腔健康知识的认知和看牙费用是否报销之间明显相关(P<0.001),和口腔健康态度间相关性不明显。383例孕前未进行口腔检查的主要原因依次是牙齿没有问题、没有必要,没有时间及害怕看牙疼痛,仅仅有6.5%认为是因为经济因素。结论 广州市花都区妊娠妇女孕前进行口腔检查的比例偏低,建议将孕前口腔健康检查严格纳入孕前保健的基本项目中并为妊娠妇女提供特殊口腔保险项目。

A comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing oral examinations of pregnant women before pregnancy

Objective To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of pregnant women who had taken oral examination before pregnancy through the feedbacks of questionnaires.Methods 514 pregnant women in Maternal & Child Health Hospital in Huadu,Guangzhou were chosen as the subjects according to inclusion criteria of systematic sampling method.The questionnaire was designed on the basis of the oral health questionnaire for the third national epidemiological survey as well as the objective of the present research.The questionnaire involved a wide range of questions:demographic information,knowledge about oral health,attitudes towards oral health,oral examinations before pregnancy of pregnant women,reasons of pregnant women not taking oral examination before pregnancy,ways of payment for oral examinations.Then an analysis was made based on the results of the questionnaire.Results Among the 514 subjects,121 pregnant women had taken oral examination before pregnancy,accounting for 25.5% of the total subjects.Whether the survey subjects had taken oral examination before pregnancy or not was related to their education background and income(P<0.001),and was significantly associated with their knowledge about oral health and the reimbursement of oral examination expenses(P<0.001).However,it was not obviously related with the attitudes towards oral health.The main reasons for 383 pregnant women who had not taken oral examination before pregnancy were listed as follows:no necessity,having no time and fear of pain.Only 6.5% of them attributed it to economic factors.Conclusions The proportion of pregnant women who had taken oral examination before pregnancy in Huadu District of Guangzhou was on the low side.It was necessary to stringently bring the oral examination before pregnancy into basic project of health care before pregnancy and provide a particular oral insurance cover for pregnant women.