汉语最小语音对和语音清晰度关系的初步研究

目的　从最小语音对的角度建立《最小语音对检测表》，分析最小语音对和语音清晰度的关系，为语音评估和治疗提供理论依据。方法　选择语音障碍患者60例，其中腭裂患者和非腭裂患者各30例，进行《最小语音对检测表》的测评，通过SPSS 17.0软件进行分析，统计语音清晰度和最小语音对误念率。通过相关分析，寻找与语音清晰度密切相关的语音对。结果　腭裂组的语音清晰度范围为35.0%~91.0%。语音对误念率范围为0.10~0.63。误念率最高的6类语音对(从高到低排列)依次为:舌面音和舌尖前音（0.63）、塞擦音的不送气和送气对（0.61）、塞音的不送气和送气对（0.54）、舌尖中音和舌根音（0.52）、不送气塞擦音和擦音（0.48）、送气塞音和鼻音（0.47）；非腭裂组的语音清晰度范围71.0%~ 94.0%。语音对误念率范围0.10~0.78。误念率最高的6类语音对(从高到低排列)依次为:舌尖中音和舌根音（0.78）、舌尖后音和舌尖前音（0.61）、塞擦音的不送气和送气对（0.58）、舌面音和舌尖后音（0.51）、舌面音和舌尖前音（0.49）、不送气塞擦音和擦音（0.47）。结论　《最小语音对检测表》的建立，从最小语音对的角度考察，可以有效地对语音障碍患者的语音状况进行定性和定量评估，弥补了以往研究中字表只能定量评估的不足。

Preliminary study of the relationship between minimal pairs and speech articulation in Chinese Mandarin

Objective To explore the clincial characteristics of articulation disorders,validate a speech articulation test in Chinese Mandarin based on minimal pairs,and investigate the relationship of minimal pairs and speech articulation for the evaluation of speakers with articulation disorders.Methods 60 cases of articulation disorders,30 with cleft palate and 30 without cleft palate were included in the test.Then the speech articulation of each speaker was rated and the mispronounced rate of each minimal pair was analyzed by SPSS 17.0.The stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed to determine which minimal pairs were the best predictors of degraded speech articulation.Results The articulation of the thirty speakers with cleft palate ranged from 35% to 91%.The mispronounced rates of the minimal pairs ranged from 0.10 to 0.63.The six minimal pairs which were mispronouced most（from more to less） were palatal versus blade-alveolar pair（0.63）,aspirated versus unaspirated affricative pair（0.61）,aspirated versus unaspirated plosive pair（0.54）,alveolar versus velar pair（0.52）,unaspirated affricate versus fricative pair（0.48）,and aspirated plosive versus nasal pair（0.47）.The articulation of patients without cleft palate ranged from 71.0% to 94.0%.The mispronounced rates of the minimal pairs ranged from 0.10 to 0.78.The six minimal pairs which were mispronounced most,from more to less,were alveolar versus velar pair（0.78）,blade-palatal versus blade-alveolar pair（0.61）,aspirated versus unaspirated affricative pair（0.58）,palatal versus blade-palatal pair（0.51）,palatal versus blade-alveolar pair（0.49）,and unaspirated affricate versus fricative pair（0.47）.Conclusions The speech articulation test for Chinese Mandarin speakers with articulation disorders can be used as an effective evaluation method both qualitatively and quantitatively.