四川凉山地区HIV/AIDS患儿合并支气管扩张症的临床特点分析

目的分析四川凉山地区HIV/AIDS患儿合并支气管扩张症的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月于凉山彝族自治州越西县第一人民医院感染科住院治疗的HIV/AIDS合并支气管扩张症患儿,共21例。收集患儿基本信息、临床资料和影像学检查资料等。结果21例患儿中,男童10例,女童11例,以7~10岁年龄段为主,HIV感染途径以母婴传播为主。主要临床表现为持续或反复咳嗽、咳痰以及发热、气促等。21例患儿中,有15例患儿的生长发育水平低于正常同龄儿。在合并机会性感染中,以细菌性肺炎的发生率最高,其次依次为结核病、肺孢子菌肺炎。双肺为支气管扩张的最常见受累部位,以混合支气管扩张为主。结论早诊断、早治疗对降低四川凉山地区HIV/AIDS患儿合并支气管扩张症的发病率和病死率具有重要意义。

Clinical Characteristics of HIV/AIDS Children with Comorbid Bronchiectasis in Liangshan,Sichuan Province

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS children with comorbid bronchiectasis in Liangshan,Sichuan Province.Methods From January 2018 to December 2019,we retrospectively analyzed 21 HIV/AIDS children with comorbid bronchiectasis who were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases,the First People’s Hospital of Yuexi,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.We collected the basic informations,laboratory examination data and imaging examination data of the children.Result Among the 21 cases,there were 10 boys and 11 girls,mainly aged from 7 to 10 years old.The main route of HIV infection was mother to child transmission.The main clinical manifestations were persistent or recurrent cough,expectoration,fever and shortness of breath.Among the 21 children,15 children’s growth and development level was lower than that of normal children of the same age.Among the opportunistic infections,the incidence of bacterial pneumonia was the highest,followed by tuberculosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia.Both lungs were the most common sites of bronchiectasis,mainly mixed bronchiectasis.Conclusion Early diagnosis and early treatment are important for reducing the incidence rate and mortality of HIV/AIDS children with comorbid bronchiectasis in Liangshan,Sichuan.