Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) still matters for many: Associations of BGM frequency and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;2. College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;3. Nahdi Medical Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;4. King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;5. King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;6. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA 02215, USA;2. Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA;3. Division of Women’s Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA;4. Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;1. The Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan;2. Doctoral Program in Nursing Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan;1. Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, University of Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain;2. Department of Nursing, University of Malaga, Spain;3. Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain;1. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;2. Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC), London, UK;3. Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK;4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK;5. Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy |
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| Abstract: | AimsThis study aimed to compare three approaches of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency attainment and to examine their associations with glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsCross-sectional data was derived from the baseline assessment in three clinical trials. Clinical and demographic characteristics of youth with T1D was obtained by chart review. BGM frequency was assessed by parent-youth interview, chart review, and meter downloads. To examine the relationship between A1c and frequency of BGM we performed analysis of variance.ResultsIn youth with T1D (N = 385, 50% female, age 13.6 ± 2.5 years, 74% pump users), the 3 methods of assessing BGM frequency were significantly correlated. Frequency by self-report (6.4 ± 2.3 times/day) was significantly higher than both meter download (5.6 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001) and clinician report (5.7 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001). For all methods, more frequent BGM was associated with lower A1c and lower mean glucose (p < 0.0001). For each additional daily blood glucose check, there was a 0.2% decrease in A1c (p < 0.0001).ConclusionBGM remains a potent predictor of glycemic control, warranting continued targeting in clinical efforts to improve glycemic management in youth with T1D. |
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| Keywords: | Type 1 diabetes Blood glucose monitoring Glycemic control A1c Self-care Pediatrics |
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