儿童烧伤发病趋势分析

目的通过分析23年来住院患儿烧伤发病特点，为儿童烧伤预防宣教和救治提供参考。方法分析1980--2002年住院患儿烧伤资料，从一般资料特点、烧伤原因以及相关因素和烧伤创面特点、院前急救和住院情况角度，研究小儿烧伤发病趋势。结果外来人口子女从1980--1989年的36．6％上升到1998--2002年的75．6％，且儿童烧伤年龄在降低。近5年热液灼伤占87．0％，由小儿父母导致小儿烧伤由20．7％上升到40．2％。居家发生小儿烧伤占90．0％左右，已经显著增高。头面颈部和躯干前侧是主要受伤部位。平均烧伤面积和3度烧伤面积随年代越近平均烧伤面积趋小。患儿手术数量减少但手术均次增加：院前当地医院先行处理的患儿低于10．0％，且随烧伤严重程度越重当地医院救治率越低。结论儿童的意外损伤中，烧伤的发病趋势不容忽视，应加强家长的预防宣教，加强院前急救的治疗措施，减少儿童意外伤害的发生与发展。

Analysis of pathogenetic trend of pediatric burn patients

Objective In order to improve the further pediatric bum prevention-treatment management,the characteristics of 1494 pediatric bum patients hospitalized during 23 years were analyzed.Methods All medical records of acute pediatric burn patients from January 1980 to December 2002,were reviewed;and their characteristics such as age,cause,severity,pre-hospital care etc.were studied.Results The ingre- dients from migrant population(non-registered population of temporary workers from rural areas)increased steadily from 36.6%in years 1980-1989 to 75.6%in years 1998-2002.Scald was the main cause of pe- diatric burns(87.0%)in recent five years,and parent responsible injuries increased steadily from 20.7%in 1980-1989 to 40.2%in 1998-2002.Burn happened at home accounted about 90.0%.Main bum loca- tions were head,neck and anterior trunk.The mean total bum surface area(TBSA)for all patients and the median 3rd degree bum area tended to be smaller in recent years.In contrast to the decrease in ratio of operation,the times of operation for each patient were increased.Only 10.0%patients had pre-hospital primary care in local hospital before transference to burn center.Further more,the ratio of pre-hospital care decreased as the severity of bum increased.Conclusion Bum is very common among children' s in- jury,so parents' education for its prevention should be paid with more attention.