小学生的"小七"人格特点及其与受虐待经历的关系

目的探讨小学高年级学生的人格发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系。方法采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和中国青少年人格量表(QZPS-Q),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的人格特质和受虐待情况。结果女生的才干、善良和人际关系分数高于男生,才干79.5±11.8分和73.1±13.8分(P<0.05);善良77.6±8.8分和69.9±12.6分(P<0.001);人际关系59.2±7.6分和53.9±8.4分(P<0.01)。受虐待者的善良和行事风格分数低于未受虐待者,善良71.2±12.7分和75.5±10.4分(P<0.05);行事风格33.5±6.5分和35.4±5.5分(P<0.05)。虐待与外向性、才干、善良、人际关系和行事风格呈负相关(r=-0.151～-0.338,P<0.05),与处世态度呈正相关(r=0.174～0.196,P<0.05)。虐待对外向性、才干、善良、人际关系具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.178～-0.427,t=-2.023～-4.623,P<0.05),对处世态度具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.196,t=2.661,P<0.05);性别对才干、善良、人际关系和行事风格具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.176～0.317,t=2.330～4.607,P<0.05)。结论小学生的人格特质存在性别差异,人格特质的形成受受虐待经历的影响。

Characteristics of Pupils Personality and Its Relationship with Childhood Abuse

Objective The purpose of this investigation was to study the characteristics of personality in 5~6 grade pupils,and to explore its relationship with childhood abuse.Methods 172 elementary school students were investigated by applying Personal Report of Childhood Abuse(PRCA)and Chinese Adolescent Personality Scale(QZPS-Q).Results Female had higher scores of Talents,Kindness and Interpersonal Relation than male(P<0.05).Compared with no-abused pupils,the pupils abused had significantly lower scores of Kindness and Behaviors Styles(P<0.05).Child abuse were significantly correlated with dimensions of Chinese personality except Emotionality(r=-0.151~-0.338,P<0.05;r=0.174~0.196,P<0.05).Child abuse had striking predictable functions on dimensions of Chinese personality except Emotionality and Behaviors Styles(Beta=-0.178~-0.427,t=-2.023~-4.623,P<0.05;Beta=0.196,t=2.661,P<0.05).Genders had remarkable positive predictable functions on Talents,Kindness,Interpersonal Relation and Behaviors Styles(Beta=0.176~0.317,t=2.330~4.607,P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences among subjects with different genders.Childhood abuse can severely impact the development of puerile personality Characteristics.