Head Impact Biomechanics in Youth Hockey: Comparisons Across Playing Position, Event Types, and Impact Locations |
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Authors: | Jason P Mihalik Kevin M Guskiewicz Stephen W Marshall J Troy Blackburn Robert C Cantu Richard M Greenwald |
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Institution: | (1) Matthew A. Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 2207 Stallings-Evans Sports Medicine Complex, Campus Box 8700, 27599-8700 Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(2) Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(3) Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(4) Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(5) Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Sport Medicine, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA, USA;(6) Simbex, Lebanon, NH, USA;(7) Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA |
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Abstract: | The age at which young hockey players should safely body check is unknown. We sought to determine if playing position (defensemen
vs. forwards), event type (practice vs. game), or head impact location (top vs. back vs. front vs. sides) had an effect on
head impact biomechanics in youth hockey. A total of 52 Bantam (13–14 years old) and Midget (15–16 years old) ice hockey players
wore accelerometer-instrumented helmets for two seasons. Biomechanical data were captured for 12,253 head impacts during 151
games and 137 practices. Random intercepts general mixed linear models were employed to analyze differences in linear acceleration,
rotational acceleration, and HITsp by player position, event type, and head impact location. Head impacts sustained during
games resulted in greater rotational acceleration and HITsp than those sustained during practices. No event type or playing
position differences in linear acceleration were observed. Impacts to the top of the head resulted in greater linear acceleration,
but lower rotational acceleration and HITsp, than impacts to back, front, or side of the head. Side head impacts yielded greater
rotational acceleration and HITsp compared to the other head impact locations. Since linear and rotational accelerations were
observed in all impacts, future hockey helmet design standards should include rotational acceleration limits in addition to
the current linear acceleration standards. |
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