延胡索干物质累积及氮、磷、钾养分吸收规律

目的:研究不同产量水平下延胡索干物质累积及其氮、磷、钾养分吸收特点,旨在揭示延胡索养分吸收规律,为延胡索高产栽培和科学施肥提供理论依据。方法:以城固延胡索为试验材料,连续2年在延胡索各生育时期对陕西省城固县8个乡镇106个种植户的样品进行采样分析,测定各器官干物质累积量及氮、磷、钾吸收量。结果:延胡索地上部表现为先增加后降低的趋势,而延胡索地下部则呈直线增加趋势。幼苗期至花期末是地上部旺盛生长阶段,干物质累积较快,占全生育期26.7%~44.1%。花期末地上部累积量达到最高,进入膨大期地上部茎叶开始枯萎及养分转移,干物质累积量有所降低。初花期至膨大期是地下部迅速膨大阶段,其累计量占全生育期50.3%~87.5%;至收获期地下部干物质达到最高值,占全株78.5%~79.8%。延胡索不同生育时期对氮、磷、钾养分吸收量有差异,幼苗期至花期末是地上部养分吸收迅速阶段,于花期末达到峰值,以钾吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。初花期至膨大期是地下部对养分吸收高峰期,以吸氮量最高,钾次之,磷最低。结论:综合延胡索各器官和全株需肥规律及肥料特性,建议该地区栽培延胡索时,应在前期将全部有机肥和磷肥投入土壤中;氮肥和钾肥可以在前期投入总量40%~50%,其余的后期追肥,以保证延胡索正常生长,从而达到延胡索高产。

Dry Matter Production of Corydalis yanhusuo and Accumulation and Distribution of N, P and K

Objective: Corydalis yanhusuo is a type of traditional Chinese medicine. A field experiment was conducted to study the dry matter production and the accumulation and distribution of N, P and K in C. yanhusuo for the purposes of revealing the nutrients absorption regularity of C. yanhusuo, and providing guidance to famers for scientific cultivation and fertilization. Method: C. yanhusuo samples of 106 farmers from 8 towns in Chenggu county, Shaanxi province, were analyzed for two consecutive years. And the absorption of nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and dry matter accumulation were analyzed and determined at each growth stage of C. yanhusuo. Result: The dry matter of C. yanhusuo shoots increased at first and then decrease, while the dry matter of C. yanhusuo corms increased throughout the whole growth period. From the seedling stage to the end of the flowering stage, the dry matter accumulated rapidly, which accounted for 26.7% to 44.1% of the total dry matter. At the end of the flowering stage, biomass of C. yanhusuo shoots reached the maximum. During the corm expanding stage, as the nutrients of shoots started to transfer, the dry matter decreases. From the early flowering stage to the expanding stage, corms expended quickly, accumulating 50.3% to 87.5% of the total dry matter. Corms biomass reached the maximum, accounting for 78.5% to 79.8% of the total biomass of the whole plant. The absorptive amounts of N, P and K at each growth stage were different. C. yanhusuo shoots absorbed nutrients quickly from the seedling stage to the flowing stage, reaching the peak at the end of the flowering stage, with N as the largest proportion, K the second largest proportion and P the least proportion. C. yanhusuo corm absorbed nutrients rapidly from the early flowering stage to the expanding stage, with K the largest proportion, N the second largest proportion and P the least proportion. Conclusion: We suggest that manure and phosphorus shall be applied as basal fertilizers, while N and K could be split, with 40%-50% as basal fertilizer and the left applied for a better yield of C. yanhusuo.