miR-429 expression in bladder cancer and its correlation with tumor behavior and clinical outcome

We previously showed that microRNA-429 (miR-429) played an important role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. We herein evaluated the expression of miR-429 in bladder cancer and its potential relevance to clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. Relative expression levels of miR-429 in surgical bladder cancer tissue specimens obtained from 76 patients with bladder cancer were measured by chromogenic in situ hybridization. miR-429 expression was significantly higher in specimens from alive patients than expired patients in both of 5-year overall survival (OS) (0.59 ± 0.09 vs. 0.27 ± 0.12; p < 0.05) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) (0.63 ± 0.10 vs. 0.33 ± 0.10; p < 0.05). The univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that tumor grade, stage, and miR-429 expression were significantly associated with patient survival. In multivariate analysis, tumor stage and miR-429 expression were significantly associated with 5-year OS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.70, p < 0.001) and 5-year-RFS (HR 2.20, p < 0.05). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with miR-429 expression had significantly better 5-year OS and 5-year RFS rates than those without miR-429 expression (84.4% vs. 61.4%, p < 0.05 and 71.9% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.05, respectively). miR-429 may be considered as an adjunctive prognostic marker in addition to tumor grade and stage in bladder cancer.