海水淹溺性肺损伤机制的研究进展

溺水是重要的公共安全问题,是全球意外死亡三大原因之一。肺损伤是溺水患者最常见的并发症之一,其主要表现为严重的呼吸困难和低氧血症,近1/3的患者最终进展为急性肺损伤或急性呼吸窘迫综合症。肺泡上皮细胞是肺泡-毛细血管屏障重要组成部分,淹溺导致其结构和功能的完整性直接破坏促进了肺水肿的发生,同时肺毛细血管通透性增加,中性粒细胞和单核细胞等大量渗出聚集加剧肺内炎症反应。此外,机体氧化应激、细胞间连接和通讯等肺外机制也可导致肺损伤。本文就海水淹溺性肺损伤的相关机制研究进展进行了综述。

Research progress on the mechanism of seawater drowing induced lung injury

Drowning is a very important public safety issue and is one of the top three causes of accidental death worldwide. In drowning patients, lung injury is one of the most common complications, which are mainly manifested by severe dyspnea and hypoxemia, due to the lack of effective treatment, nearly 1/3 of patients eventually progress to acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Alveolar epithelial cells are an important part of the alveolar-capillary membrane, and their structural and functional integrity is destroyed to promote the occurrence of pulmonary edema and affect gas exchange. At the same time, the permeability of lung capillaries increases, and a large number of neutrophils and monocytes exude and further release inflammatory factors and chemokines, exacerbating inflammation in the lungs anyway. In addition, new mechanisms such as oxidative stress, cell-to-cell connectivity, and communication are included. In this paper, the research progress of the mechanisms of seawater drowning induced lung injury is reviewed.