Sero-epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in small ruminants in the Czech Republic |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic;2. Laboratory of Arbovirology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic;3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665, Brno CZ-61300, Czech Republic;4. Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, 753/5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic;1. Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;2. Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;3. Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA;1. Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia;2. Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA;3. Department of Statistics, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA;1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China;2. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an arbovirus that causes severe infections in humans, and is endemic to large areas of Europe and Asia. Humans most commonly become infected with TBEV after a tick bite; however, alimentary infection can occur after consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Milk from sheep and goats can be a source of alimentary TBE infections. In addition, sheep and goats are considered suitable sentinels for surveillance of TBEV-associated risks in endemic areas. Here we conducted a serological survey to determine the prevalence of TBEV infection among sheep and goats in the Czech Republic. In 2019–2020, a total of 310 serum samples were collected from sheep and 418 from goats, in 11 of the 14 administrative districts of the country. Sera were tested for the presence of TBEV-specific IgG by ELISA, and suspected results were validated using a virus neutralization test. Positive samples were identified in 56.7% of goat farms, and 82.4% of sheep farms, and in 9 of the 11 administrative districts examined. The seroprevalence was significantly higher among sheep (32.5%) than goats (19.7%) (p < 0.001). The present results indicate that sheep and goats have a relatively high rate of exposure to TBEV-infected ticks in most of the administrative districts of the Czech Republic. These findings confirm the usefulness of serological testing in small ruminants to determine and monitor the risk of TBEV infection in humans. |
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