Cercopithifilaria spp. in ticks of companion animals from Asia: new putative hosts and vectors |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy;2. Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;3. Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam;4. Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853;5. Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Lyon, France;6. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran;1. Service de pharmacie – CHU Besancon, France;2. Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Besancon, France;3. UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon 25000, France;1. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil;3. Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;4. Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;5. Postgraduate Program on Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil;1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma \"Sapienza\", Roma, Italy;3. Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Lyon, France;4. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran;1. Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Ranbir Singh Pura 181 102, India;2. Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141 004, India;1. tick-radar GmbH (Berlin, Germany);2. Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (Munich, Germany) |
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| Abstract: | Cercopithifilaria bainae, Cercopithifilaria grassi, and Cercopithifilaria sp. II sensu Otranto et al., 2013 tick borne filarioids are typically found in dogs. Among them, Cercopithifilaria bainae has a worldwide distribution according to the occurrence of its tick vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.). Nevertheless, in Asian countries, despite the wide presence of this tick species, data on Cercopithifilaria spp. are scant. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of these dermal filarioids in ixodid ticks collected on dogs and cats from Asian countries, providing a better epidemiological picture on their distribution in this continent. Ticks (n = 687) of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. (n = 667), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (n = 8), Haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 7), Haemaphysalis campanulata (n = 1), Haemaphysalis wellingtoni (n = 2), Haemaphysalis hystricis (n = 1), and Ixodes sp. (n = 1) were collected on dogs and cats under the frame of previous studies in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. Tick samples were molecularly screened for Cercopithifilaria spp. by conventional PCR and real-time PCR using two pair of primers targeting partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. Overall, Cercophitifilaria spp. DNA was detected in 9.5% (n = 65/687) of the tick specimens tested, with C. bainae being the most prevalent species (8.9%), followed by C. grassii (0.6%). Most Cercophitifilaria spp. positive ticks were collected on dogs (92.3%; 60/65); whereas ticks collected on cats represented 7.7% of the positive specimens. In addition, Cercopithifilaria spp. were mostly detected in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks (96.9%; 63/65), followed by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (3.1%; 2/65). Data herein presented demonstrate the occurrence of dermal tick borne filarioids of the genus Cercopithifilaria in several Asian countries, with C. bainae being the most prevalent species. We also report for the first time the molecular detection of C. bainae in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks collected on cats, as well as in R. haemaphysaloides ticks, suggesting that the biological cycle of this filarioid species may involve other intermediate and definitive hosts than R. sanguineus s.l. and dogs. However, confirmatory studies on the role of other tick species and domestic cats on the biology of C. bainae are advocated. |
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